A 232-Channel Epiretinal Stimulator ASIC

Ortmanns, Maurits; Rocke, A.; Gehrke, M.; Tiedtke, H.J.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2007.908693

Cited by 214 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…7). Consequently, in order to provide a safe stimulation, different ways of charge balancing must be used, for example, active charge balancing (Ortmanns, 2007;Ortmanns et al, 2007;Schuettler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental study on passive charge balancing

Sooksood

Ortmanns

2009

Adv. Radio Sci.

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Abstract. This paper presents a simplified analysis of the electrode potential upon mismatched, biphasic stimulation using passive discharge techniques, e.g. by shortening of the electrodes. It turns out that especially for microelectrodes the required shorting intervals become as large as to limit a feasible stimulation interval. If no blocking capacitors can be used due to limited space and the degree of miniaturisation, the passive discharge even imposes severe risks to the surrounding tissue and the electrode.

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Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomedical implants for functional electrical stimulation (FES), such as the cochlea implant, cardiac pacemaker, and retinal implant have received an increasing interest (Stieglitz and Meyer, 2006;Ortmanns et al, 2007). The principle is to excite a neural reaction upon the transfer of charge into the tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study on passive charge balancing

Sooksood

Ortmanns

2009

Adv. Radio Sci.

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“…Smaller form factor and higher channel density require smaller electrode size, which limits charge transfer capacity for effective stimulation. Hence, higher voltage rails of more than AE10 V and/or high-voltage processes are required typically [84]- [86], in turn this results in higher power consumption, larger silicon area, and system complexity to generate and handle high-voltage signals. Instead of maintaining a constant high-voltage power supply, some designs save power by generating a large power rail only when actively stimulating [77], [87], [88].…”

Section: Integrated Circuit Interfaces For Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-Integrated High-Density Electrocortical Interfaces

Akinin

Park

et al. 2017

Proc. IEEE

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“…An active charge balancing method shown in Fig. 5(b) is proposed to avoid this [7]. In the circuits, the voltage at the electrode V se is monitored and if |V se | exceeds some value V th , a small amount of anodic or cathodic current pulse is added repeatedly according to the polarity at V se until |V se | < V th .…”

Section: Charge Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulator Design of Retinal Prosthesis

Ohta

Noda

Shodo

et al. 2017

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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SUMMARY This study focuses on the design of electrical stimulator for retinal prosthesis. The stimulator must be designed such that the occurrence of electrolysis or any irreversible process in the electrodes and flexible lead is prevented in order to achieve safe stimulation over long periods using the large number of electrodes. Some types of biphasic current pulse circuits, charge balance circuits, and AC power delivery circuits were developed to address this issue. Electronic circuitry must be introduced in the stimulator to achieve the large number of electrodes required to obtain high quality of vision. The concept of a smart electrode, in which a microchip is embedded inside an electrode, is presented for future retinal prostheses with over 1000 electrodes.

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A 232-Channel Epiretinal Stimulator ASIC

Cited by 214 publications

References 24 publications

An experimental study on passive charge balancing

An experimental study on passive charge balancing

Silicon-Integrated High-Density Electrocortical Interfaces

Stimulator Design of Retinal Prosthesis

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