A 24-h real-time emissions assessment of 41 uncontrolled household raw coal combustion stoves in four provinces of Northern China

Li, Chuang; Ye, Kun; Mawusi, Sylvester K.; Zhang, Wenting; Xu, Yinhong; Xu, Jiangdong; Zhou, Weiqing; Li, Jie; Jiao, Mingze; Shrestha, Prabin; Pang, Ran; Hussein, R.; Chen, Xue; Liu, Guangqing

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117588

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Generally, the emission of air pollutants varies dramatically in the combustion process due to frequent fuel addition for traditional stoves and raw coal [26]. Lower variations and fluctuations existed throughout the overall combustion compared with those observed for traditional fuels in our earlier studies [26,27]. These results are consistent with previous research on pellet stoves [28,29].…”

Section: Emission Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 91%

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Novel Bituminous Coal Pellet Combustion in an Automatic Heating Stove

et al. 2022

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Coal is China’s dominant energy source, among which bituminous coal is the most extensive and plentiful. Using bituminous coal resources to design a low-emission household fuel is very important for rural poverty areas. In this work, a new type of bituminous coal pellet (BCP) fuel using an automatic prototype pellet stove was designed for the first time. This study mainly shows the emission characteristic results of BCPs and some comparisons with other commercial solid fuels. Fuel property, PM2.5 morphology, and ash characteristics of the novel fuel were also assessed. In terms of fuel properties, BCPs had a cold compressive strength of 637.2 N, a heating value of 22.26 MJ/kg, and many fine pores in the cross-section for air entry. The real-time emissions of BCPs were stable during combustion. The emission factors of PM2.5 and CO of BCPs were 1.36–2.29 g/kg and 11.1–18.0 g/kg, which were significantly lower than those of bituminous chunk and bituminous briquette (p < 0.05). PM2.5 and CO reduced emissions by 83–90% and 61–76%, respectively, compared with raw coal chunk. According to the chemical composition and morphological characteristics, the PM2.5 from BCP combustion can be divided into fine particulates, molten char particles, and char fragmentation. The ash from BCPs had a higher melting temperature (over 1300 °C), with removable ash agglomeration. Overall, the results presented in this study highlight that turning bituminous coal into pellets and burning them in automatic stoves could noticeably reduce PM2.5 and CO emissions, effectively improving rural air quality.

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Section: Emission Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 91%

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Novel Bituminous Coal Pellet Combustion in an Automatic Heating Stove

et al. 2022

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“…The residual value was assumed to be 37.5% of the original material cost of individual renovation measures [31]. The prices of raw coal and electricity are 0.150 CNY/kWh and 0.510 CNY/kWh, with CO 2 emission factors of 0.312 kg CO 2 /kWh and 0.584 kg CO 2 /kWh, respectively [23,[32][33][34]. The nominal interest rate used in the calculation is 4.75%/a [35].…”

Section: Simulation-based Multi-objective (Sbmo) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Optimal Renovation Solutions for Detached Rural Houses in Severe Cold Regions of China

Jokisalo

Kosonen

et al. 2023

Buildings

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High heating expenses are observed in numerous Chinese rural houses located in severe cold regions due to the high heating demand, inferior envelope performance and low-efficiency heating equipment. The local traditional heating methods include Chinese Kangs and coal boilers with water-based radiators. The intermittent operation and manual regulation of these systems result in significant temperature differences and inadequate thermal comfort. This study presents the cost-optimal envelope renovation solutions with the minimized lifecycle cost (LCC) during a 20-year discount period and CO2 emissions of annual delivered energy consumptions. A single-family detached rural house in Harbin was used as a case building, illustrating the typical state of comparable houses in this climate context. Simulation-based multi-optimization analysis was conducted in this study using the building simulation tool IDA ICE and its integrated optimization tool AutoMOO. The results indicate that the cost-optimal renovation solutions with intermittent and continuous heating can cut CO2 emissions by 30% and 40%, respectively. The LCC with intermittent heating is still 7% greater than its pre-renovation case, which may require external financial support to encourage the renovation conduction, while the LCC with continuous heating decreased by 8% after renovation. According to the comparison results, cost-optimal solutions have significant advantages in both reductions of LCC and CO2 emissions over standard-based solutions. Moreover, utilizing intermittent heating is more effective than continuous heating in demonstrating the positive impacts of envelope renovation on increasing average temperature, decreasing temperature differences and lowering occupied time at low thermal comfort levels.

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“…The rural energy consumption in Fujian province is significantly lower than that in the northern rural areas, further verifying the result. The rural areas of north China should avoid the usage of coal in inefficient traditional stoves considering their copious amounts of air pollutants [23].…”

Section: Energy Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of urban HCEs will continue to rise due to the intensification of urbanization and urban-rural shifts [22]. The analysis of urban HCEs has been the hotspot of previous research [18,23], while the rural HCEs are overlooked. However, the energy use in rural households has changed substantially considering the quantity, quality, structure, and pattern [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Carbon Emission from Household Consumption Based on LMDI and SDA Model: A Decomposition and Comparison Analysis

et al. 2022

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Household consumption has become an important field of carbon dioxide emissions. Urban–rural disparity in the household carbon emissions (HCEs) of residents and their influencing factors are relevant to HCE reduction. Taking Fujian as the study area, the LMDI and SDA models were used to analyze the effects of influencing factors for the direct household carbon emissions (DHCEs) and indirect carbon emissions (IHCEs) of urban and rural residents from 2006 to 2018. The HCEs continue to rise, approximately 65% from the IHCEs in 2017, and urban areas occupied 67% in 2018. The gap between urban and rural per capita HCEs is narrowing. In 2017, approximately 75% of urban per capita HCEs came from the IHCEs, while the per capita DHCEs’ occupation exceeded the IHCEs in rural areas. Per capita consumption expenditure has the largest positive effect on the DHCEs and IHCEs in urban and rural areas. With the urbanization process, the inhibition effect of rural DHCEs is larger than the positive effect of the urban DHCEs, while the positive impact on urban areas is more substantial than on rural areas in the IHCEs. Combined with regional differences, urban and rural areas should take “common but differentiated” emission reduction responsibilities.

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A 24-h real-time emissions assessment of 41 uncontrolled household raw coal combustion stoves in four provinces of Northern China

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Novel Bituminous Coal Pellet Combustion in an Automatic Heating Stove

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Novel Bituminous Coal Pellet Combustion in an Automatic Heating Stove

Cost-Optimal Renovation Solutions for Detached Rural Houses in Severe Cold Regions of China

Direct and Indirect Carbon Emission from Household Consumption Based on LMDI and SDA Model: A Decomposition and Comparison Analysis

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