A 24-year study of the epidemiology of human brucellosis in a health-care system in Eastern Saudi Arabia

Abstract

There was a decrease in the incidence of brucellosis over the study period. The highest incidence was in patients 40-49 years of age. Continued surveillance and efforts are needed to further decrease the cases of brucellosis.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Brucellosis in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia

“…However, brucellosis remains leading zoonoses in developing countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, including Saudi Arabia [4][5][6].…”

“…Although sero-prevalence data on brucellosis are not available for most provinces in Saudi Arabia [4,5,11,14], no study has assessed the disease in Jazan Province, southwest Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to obtain an estimate of the prevalence of human brucellosis in Jazan Province and to identify possible associated risk factors among the people living in this province.…”

Brucellosis in Immunocompromised Hosts

“…Brucellosis is commonly transmitted by: (1) consumption of unpasteurized or contaminated animal dairy products, (2) direct contact with infected animal parts and (3) inhalation of infected aerosolized particles. Less common means of transmission of the disease include: (1) person to person transmission, (2) blood transfusion, (3) transfusion of harvested bone marrow in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and (4) sexual transmission, as in the few reported cases of sexually transmitted brucellosis in humans, the organisms were either cultured from semen or their presence in serum was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [2,7,[23][24][25]27,32].…”

“…In patients with brucellosis, the range of blood culture positivity varies from 6% to 92% of patients depending on the following factors: (1) stage of the disease: acute, subacute or chronic, (2) the levels of Brucella titers, (3) the microbiological culture technique utilized and (4) prior antimicrobial therapy [23,[208][209][210]. Isolation of these intracellular organisms from blood cultures is restricted by the slow growth of Brucella species and by the effect of previous antimicrobial chemotherapy [208,209].…”

Dynamics and Stability Analysis of a Brucellosis Model with Two Discrete Delays

“…In humans, however, the majority of the infections result from direct or indirect exposure to infected animals or consumption of raw animal products such as unpasteurized milk or cheese [4]. Since human-to-human transmission of the disease is extremely rare [5], the ultimate management of human brucellosis can be achieved through effective control of brucellosis in livestock.…”