A 246-km continuous running race causes significant changes in bone metabolism

Kerschan‐Schindl, Katharina; Thalmann, Markus; Sodeck, Gottfried; Skenderi, Katerina; Matalas, Antonia‐Leda; Grampp, S.; Ebner, Christof; Pietschmann, Péter

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.07.088

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Basal sOPG concentrations do increase in the late morning (34) but as the magnitude (15-41%) of the increase in our study was greater than the CV of the assay and occurred over a short time scale (BASE to EX20 ϭ 35 min), this suggests that much of the increase in sOPG is a genuine response to exercise. The increase in sOPG with exercise is in line with our previous investigation (57) and with other studies of endurance (33,73) and resistance (12) exercise. Previously we showed an increase in sOPG with acute, exhaustive running that was sustained for 2 h postexercise (57), with sOPG increased 25% after 60 min running at 65% V O 2max , which corresponds to the magnitude of the increase (23%) seen in the 65% V O 2max condition in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In contrast to our study, by decreasing ␤-CTX to its natural daytime nadir before exercise, the meal provided by Guillemant et al (25) may have allowed the full stimulatory effects of exercise to be evident. ␤-CTX was not different from baseline on the recovery days in the present study, which is in contrast with previous results showing a significant increase in ␤-CTX for 4 days following exhaustive running (57) and at 3 days after the start of a 246-km run (33). One possible reason for the discrepancies in these findings is that the exercise performed in the present study was less strenuous (i.e., not exhaustive) and of shorter duration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Using biochemical markers of bone turnover, several studies indicate that acute endurance exercise induces a burst of osteoclastic activity that, at least in the short term, is not accompanied by an associated increase in osteoblastic activity (25,33,57). In one study of well-trained triathletes (25), the COOH-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (␤-CTX), a specific marker of bone resorption, was increased by 50% 1 h after 60 min of stationary cycling at 80% V O 2max .…”

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confidence: 99%

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The role of exercise intensity in the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of weight-bearing exercise

Scott

Sale

Greeves³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

112

100

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Scott JP, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. The role of exercise intensity in the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of weight-bearing exercise. J Appl Physiol 110: 423-432, 2011. First published December 2, 2010 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00764.2010.-We compared the effects of exercise intensity (EI) on bone metabolism during and for 4 days after acute, weight-bearing endurance exercise. Ten males [mean Ϯ SD maximum oxygen uptake (V O2max): 56.2 Ϯ 8.1 ml·min Ϫ1 ·kg Ϫ1 ] completed three counterbalanced 8-day trials. Following three control days, on day 4, subjects completed 60 min of running at 55%, 65%, and 75% V O2max. Markers of bone resorption [COOH-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (␤-CTX)] and formation [NH2-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), bone-alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], osteoprotegerin (OPG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), phosphate (PO4), and cortisol were measured during and for 3 h after exercise and on four follow-up days (FU1-FU4). At 75% V O2max, ␤-CTX was not significantly increased from baseline by exercise but was higher compared with 55% (17-19%, P Ͻ 0.01) and 65% (11-13%, P Ͻ 0.05) V O2max in the first hour postexercise. Concentrations were decreased from baseline in all three groups by 39 -42% (P Ͻ 0.001) at 3 h postexercise but not thereafter. P1NP increased (P Ͻ 0.001) during exercise only, while bone-ALP was increased (P Ͻ 0.01) at FU3 and FU4, but neither were affected by EI. PTH and cortisol increased (P Ͻ 0.001) with exercise at 75% V O2max only and were higher (P Ͻ 0.05) than at 55% and 65% V O2max during and immediately after exercise. The increases (P Ͻ 0.001) in OPG, ACa, and PO4 with exercise were not affected by EI. Increasing EI from 55% to 75% V O2max during 60 min of running resulted in higher ␤-CTX concentrations in the first hour postexercise but had no effect on bone formation markers. Increased bone-ALP concentrations at 3 and 4 days postexercise suggest a beneficial effect of this type of exercise on bone mineralization. The increase in OPG was not influenced by exercise intensity, whereas PTH was increased at 75% V O2max only, which cannot be fully explained by changes in serum calcium or PO 4 concentrations. treadmill running; bone turnover markers; osteoprotegerin; parathyroid hormone EXERCISE is associated with improvements in bone mineral density (BMD), particularly at load-bearing sites (9,11,22,60), and might play a role in reducing fragility fractures associated with osteoporosis (19, 24), either by increasing the accumulation of bone mass during childhood growth (9, 68) or by decreasing the rate of bone loss following the attainment of peak bone mass (37,60). Despite this, the specific mechanisms by which exercise exerts its effects on bone remain to be fully determined, as does the most effective form of exercise to increase BMD.Mechanical loads imposed by muscle contractions and gravity that are in excess of those habitually encountered can positively influence th...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of exercise intensity in the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of weight-bearing exercise

Scott

Sale

Greeves³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

112

100

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“…Increased OPG has been reported with running [17,19,31,58], but in the present study, OPG was increased before exercise and remained so into recovery, suggesting that OPG was not related to the different P-CTX responses. If RANKL were to increase, a greater relative increase in P-CTX could result.…”

Section: 6contrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Prolonged, endurance exercise increases P-CTX [15][16][17][18][19] but again, bone formation markers are largely unresponsive [15,16,18,19], suggesting that prolonged exercise might result in a transient negative remodelling balance. This acute response may be of significance to athletic populations as the net effects of changes in bone resorption and formation have been implicated in both stress fractures [20] and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) [21].…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fasting versus feeding on the bone metabolic response to running

Scott

Sale

Greeves³

et al. 2012

Bone

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Abbreviations: ACa, albumin-adjusted calcium; Bone ALP, bone alkaline phosphatase; BMD, bone mineral density; P-CTX, C-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1; CHO, carbohydrate; FAST, overnight fast from 21:00; FED, a standardised breakfast consumed at 08:15; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; GLP-2, glucagon-like peptide-2; GIP, glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide; LMM, linear mixed model; OC, osteocalcin; OPG, osteoprotegerin; P1NP, N-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PO4, phosphate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; RPE, ratings of perceived exertion; VO2, oxygen uptake; V02max, maximal rate of oxygen uptake. ABSTRACTIndividuals often perform exercise in the fasted state, but the effects on bone metabolism are not currently known. We compared the effect of an overnight fast with feeding a mixed meal on the bone metabolic response to treadmill running. Ten, physically-active males aged 28 ± 4 y (mean ± 1SD) completed two, counterbalanced, 8 d trials. After 3 d on a standardised diet, participants performed 60 min of treadmill running at 65% V02max on Day 4 following an overnight fast (FAST) or a standardised breakfast (FED). Blood samples were collected at baseline, before and during exercise, for 3h after exercise, and on four consecutive follow-up days (FU1-FU4). Plasma/serum were analysed for the c-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (P-CTX), n-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium, phosphate, osteoprotegerin (OPG), Cortisol, leptin and ghrelin. Only the P-CTX response was significantly affected by feeding. Pre-exercise concentrations decreased more in FED compared with FAST (47% vs 26%, P < 0.001) but increased during exercise in both groups and were not significantly different from baseline at 1 h post-exercise. At 3 h post-exercise, concentrations were decreased (33%, P < 0.001) from baseline in FAST and significantly lower (P < 0.001) than in FED. P1NP and PTH increased, and OC decreased during exercise. Bone markers were not significantly different from baseline on FU1-FU4.Fasting had only a minor effect on the bone metabolic response to subsequent acute, endurance exercise, reducing the duration of the increase in P-CTX during early recovery, but having no effect on changes in bone formation markers. The reduced duration of the P-CTX response with fasting was not fully explained by changes in PTH, OPQ leptin or ghrelin.

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Osteoimmunological Aspects of Biomechanics

Kerschan‐Schindl¹,

Ebenbichler²

2016

Principles of Osteoimmunology

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A 246-km continuous running race causes significant changes in bone metabolism

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

The role of exercise intensity in the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of weight-bearing exercise

The role of exercise intensity in the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of weight-bearing exercise

Effect of fasting versus feeding on the bone metabolic response to running

Osteoimmunological Aspects of Biomechanics

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