A 27-nm Virus Isolated During an Outbreak of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritls in a Convalescent Hospital: A Possible New Serotype

Oshiro, Lyndon S.; Haley, Charles E.; Roberto, Ronald R.; Riggs, John L.; Croughan, Matthew S.; Greenberg, Harry B.; Kapikian, Albert Z.

doi:10.1093/infdis/143.6.791

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Children, from infancy to 5 to 7 years of age, are most likely to develop symptomatic disease with astroviruses (7,204,210), although exposed adults can also develop mild disease, but with less frequency (204,210,278). In one study (210), older children were also found to be less likely to develop disease than younger children.…”

Section: Astrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They are responsible for about 5% of infantile gastroenteritis, including nosocomial infections. The Marin County agent, discovered in elderly patients with diarrhea in a convalescent hospital in California, is also an astrovirus (148,278). Their appearance has been described in detail by Madeley (227).…”

Section: Astrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Norwalk-like viruses (6,87,187,278,401), caliciviruses (112,231), astroviruses, (229,230), and possibly coronaviUntil 15 years ago, the causes of acute nonbacterial ruses (322). The common enteroviruses are associated with gastroenteritis were unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human viral gastroenteritis

Christensen

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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During the last 15 years, several different groups of fastidious viruses that are responsible for a large proportion of acute viral gastroenteritis cases have been discovered by the electron microscopic examination of stool specimens. This disease is one of the most prevalent and serious clinical syndromes seen around the world, especially in children. Rotaviruses, in the family Reoviridae, and fastidious fecal adenoviruses account for much of the viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, whereas the small caliciviruses and unclassified astroviruses, and possibly enteric coronaviruses, are responsible for significantly fewer cases overall. In addition to electron microscopy, enzyme immunoassays and other rapid antigen detection systems have been developed to detect rotaviruses and fastidious fecal adenoviruses in the stool specimens of both nonhospitalized patients and those hospitalized for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Experimental rotavirus vaccines have also been developed, due to the prevalence and seriousness of rotavirus infection. The small, unclassified Norwalk virus and morphologically similar viruses are responsible for large and small outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in older children, adolescents, and adults. Hospitalization of older patients infected with these viruses is usually not required, and their laboratory diagnoses have been limited primarily to research laboratories.

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Section: Astrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Astrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human viral gastroenteritis

Christensen

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…Norwalk virus was the first of these viruses to be characterized and serves as the epidemiologic prototype for the group. Norwalk-like viruses are small, round, morphologically similar viruses 25 to 30 nm in diameter (3,12,67,93). Individual viruses (Norwalk, Hawaii, Snow Mountain, and Otofuke viruses) have been named for the locations of outbreaks from which the virus was first isolated.…”

Section: Agents Of Viral Gastroenteritis Associated With Outbreaks Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis

1993

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Norwalk virus infection is the epidemiologic prototype for outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne gastroenteritis. Around the world, Norwalk virus and Norwalk-like viruses appear to be major causes of food-borne and waterborne illness. Assessment of the overall significance of viral agents to the epidemiology of food-borne and waterborne illness is hampered by the lack of surveillance throughout much of the world. In areas where food-borne and waterborne illness surveillance is conducted, outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis are underreported because of the lack of availability of routine laboratory services to confirm the viral etiology. Routine use of epidemiologic criteria as an alternative to laboratory confirmation will allow better assessments of the importance of viral gastroenteritis until effective laboratory methods can be widely implemented. Outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis have been propagated by contamination of water supplies, raw foods, and ill food handlers. Controlling an outbreak depends on identifying and removing the source of contamination. The demonstrated occurrence of person-to-person transmission and the likely occurrence of transmission of Norwalk-like viruses by aerosol make it necessary to evaluate the potential for transmission by food handlers and servers in every outbreak, regardless of primary source.

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“…However, no other food was prepared by him and it is most likely that the sandwiches were the passive vehicle that spread the virus. Oshiro et al (1981) described an outbreak of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis among the elderly patients in a convalescent home in North California which persisted for 14 months. The responsible agent was shown to be serologically unrelated to the Norwalk virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%