A.3. Farming in the ancient Greek world: how should the small free producers be defined?

Gállego, Julián

doi:10.12697/sht.2007.8.a.3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Production power remained fully in the hands of the private household and served as the foundation of the Greek city-state, the birthplace of democracy. According to Gallego, this had significant consequences on the social, political, and economic organization of the polis, as "the agriculturalists did not have to produce a regular surplus for the social and/or political elites" [165] (p. 13). According to archaeological findings, "the distribution of the land in regular and relatively equal plots has been verified throughout the Greek world", indicating that the distribution of wealth was rather equal [165] (p. 10).…”

Section: Consumerism Producerism and Compulsive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oikos was, as Gallego explains, "an intensive cultivation system combining crops of cereals, olive trees, vines, pulses, vegetables and fruit trees, with less time devoted to fallow and more attention to soil improvement (manure, weeding, terraces building and maintenance), with a few animals, a high input of hand labour, and good water supply" [165] (p. 10). The social status of the smallholder was positive.…”

Section: The Normativementioning

confidence: 99%

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Navigating the Biocosmos: Cornerstones of a Bioeconomic Utopia

Onyeali,

Schlaile,

Winkler

2023

Land

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One important insight from complexity science is that the future is open, and that this openness is an opportunity for us to participate in its shaping. The bioeconomy has been part of this process of “future-making”. But instead of a fertile ecosystem of imagined futures, a dry monoculture of ideas seems to dominate the landscape, promising salvation through technology. With this article, we intend to contribute to regenerating the ecological foundations of the bioeconomy. What would it entail if we were to merge with the biosphere instead of machines? To lay the cornerstones of a bioeconomic utopia, we explore the basic principles of self-organization that underlie biological, ecological, social, and psychological processes alike. All these are self-assembling and self-regulating elastic structures that exist at the edge of chaos and order. We then revisit the Promethean problem that lies at the foundation of bioeconomic thought and discuss how, during industrialization, the principles of spontaneous self-organization were replaced by the linear processes of the assembly line. We ultimately propose a bioeconomy based on human needs with the household as the basic unit: the biocosmos. The biocosmos is an agroecological habitat system of irreducible complexity, a new human niche embedded into the local ecosystem.

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Section: Consumerism Producerism and Compulsive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Normativementioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Biocosmos: Cornerstones of a Bioeconomic Utopia

Onyeali,

Schlaile,

Winkler

2023

Land

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“…These invariably stress unequal power relationships of exploitation which brought about the removal of surplus production from peasant households (Shanin 1971;Wolf 1966: 3-4, 11-17;Ellis 1993: 6, 13; for a critique, Rosenstein 2008: 193 n. 3). Romanists continue to adopt these essentially negative definitions which can coexist neatly with subsistence assumptions (Garnsey 1988: 44;Finley 1999: 105;van Dommelen 1993: 172-173;McCarthy 2013: 8;Gallego 2007 gives a Greek take), thus preserving them as unchallenged paradigms, despite recent positive re-framings of peasant identities (Bernstein et al 2018: 701; see Bernstein and Bryes 2001 for a summary of recent peasant studies).…”

Section: Theorising the Roman Peasantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Social Life of Rural Non-Elites in Roman Italy

Theng¹

2021

Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal

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Scholarship generally places peasants on a spectrum of socio-economic independence and dependence. While opinions are shifting away from subsistence, self-sufficiency, and socio-political autarky as mainstays of the peasant condition, the conventional focus on hierarchical relations persists, leaving horizontal or ‘relational’ ones neglected. To address this imbalance, I first detail our need to deal with literary (self-) representations of rural non-elite life. I use Dio Chrysostom’s Euboean discourse to develop a non-exhaustive range of peer-level interactions including hospitality, reciprocity, and cooperative work. Archaeology can help unravel how these played out, but as site 9 from the Ager Lunensis shows, we need better evidence. Nevertheless, I offer tentative possibilities about veteran interactions and the dynamics between villa and small farm workers from site 154 from the Ager Capenas and Case Nuove from the Roman Peasant Project. I close by alluding to the potential of integrating horizontal social relations in broader historical narratives.

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“…Si bien la bibliografía es extensa, la definición proporcionada por Shanin (1971) sintetiza los puntos básicos. Para Grecia, ha sido debatido el uso de los conceptos de campesino (peasant) y granjero (farmer); ver Gallego (2007;2009, p. 181-92). En relación a los propios términos griegos de georgós y autourgós y sus complejidades, ver las puntualizaciones de Burford (1993, p. 15, 167-72).…”

Section: Notasunclassified

“...tierras de labranza por rentas moderadas [georgías epì metríais misthósesi]” (Isoc. 7.32). Explotación y relaciones de trabajo rural entre los ciudadanos atenienses durante la democracia

Paiaro

2020

Soc. precapitalistas

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Partiendo de la propuesta de Isócrates de volver a tiempos en los que los ricos cedían tierras a los pobres por rentas moderadas, en el presente trabajo se analizan las relaciones de místhosis en el contexto de la democracia ateniense. En primer lugar se consideran las características estructurales que enmarcaban este tipo de relación social y que atañen a la distribución de la tierra y las condiciones de acceso a las mismas. En segundo lugar se analiza diverso tipo de evidencia que permite reconstruir algunas de las características principales de la práctica del arriendo de tierras entre ciudadanos. En base al análisis de fuentes se propone que, por un lado, en oposición a la perspectiva desarrollada por varios especialistas, las relaciones de místhosis se encontraban bastante más desarrolladas de lo que suele pensarse dado lo exiguo del material documental. Por otro lado, se modera la idea de que el arriendo de tierras constituyó un mecanismo importante de explotación en manos de los ciudadanos ricos, particularmente útil en un siglo IV a.C. concebido como de pauperización del campesinado. Por último, se analizan las necesidades tanto de los terratenientes como de los productores directos que eran suplidas a través de relaciones de tenencia.

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A.3. Farming in the ancient Greek world: how should the small free producers be defined?

Cited by 5 publications

References 81 publications

Navigating the Biocosmos: Cornerstones of a Bioeconomic Utopia

Navigating the Biocosmos: Cornerstones of a Bioeconomic Utopia

Finding the Social Life of Rural Non-Elites in Roman Italy

“...tierras de labranza por rentas moderadas [georgías epì metríais misthósesi]” (Isoc. 7.32). Explotación y relaciones de trabajo rural entre los ciudadanos atenienses durante la democracia

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