A 3 pJ/bit free space optical interlink platform for self-powered tetherless sensing and opto-spintronic RF-to-optical transduction

Abstract

Tetherless sensors have long been positioned to enable next generation applications in biomedical, environmental, and industrial sectors. The main challenge in enabling these advancements is the realization of a device that is compact, robust over time, and highly efficient. This paper presents a tetherless optical tag which utilizes optical energy harvesting to realize scalable self-powered devices. Unlike previous demonstrations of optically coupled sensor nodes, the device presented here amplifies signals and encodes data on the same optical beam that provides its power. This optical interrogation modality results in a highly efficient data link. These optical tags support data rates up to 10 Mb/s with an energy consumption of ~ 3 pJ/bit. As a proof-of-concept application, the optical tag is combined with a spintronic microwave detector based on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). We used this hybrid opto-spintronic system to perform self-powered transduction of RF waves at 1 GHz to optical frequencies at ~ 200 THz, while carrying an audio signal across (see Supplementary Data for audio files).

Emergence of integrated biosensing-enabled digital healthcare devices

“…Table 1 lists some innovative designs and methods reported for the development of sensor technologies. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Understanding various mechanisms through methodogical investigation is important. Here, 3D printed CNT electrodes, distinct interaction, Janus 2D materials, biomimetic receptor, pH-sensitive drug sensing, hematopoietic stem cell differentiations are some of the unique processes involved in developing methods for sensing purposes.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25] Diverse methods of detection, such as photolithography, imaging, cardio-mechanical signal detection, posture detection based on wearable devices, selfpowered tetherless detection, and silicate-based electroconductive mechanisms, are used in different studies. [26][27][28][29][30][31] They offer a solution to issues related to the lifethreatening potential by the delayed treatment of diseases and complications due to the fact that not all segments of human society have the financial means to pay for such specialized diagnoses. Physiological, aural, gustatory, olfactory, and haptic stimuli, as well as touch, taste, and smell experiences, and other sensory experiences in the environment or on the human body, can be useful in today's world and can be exploited in sensing applications.…”