A 32-Bit Single Quadrant Angle-Controlled Chipless Tag for Radio Frequency Identification Applications

Abstract

A 32-bit chipless RFID tag operating in the 4.5–10.9 GHz band is presented in this paper. The tag has a unique multiple-arc-type shape consisting of closely packed 0.2 mm wide arcs of different radii and lengths. The specific tag geometry provides multiple resonances in frequency domain of an RCS plot. A frequency domain coding technique has also been proposed to encode the tag’s RCS signature into a 32-bit digital identification code. The tag has an overall dimension of 17.9 × 17.9 mm2, resulting in a high code density of 9.98 bits/cm2 and spectral efficiency of 5 bits/GHz. The proposed tag is built on a low loss substrate bearing a very small footprint, thereby making it extremely suitable for large-scale product identification purposes in future chipless RFID tag systems.

Innovative Decentralized Configuration Design of Chipless RFID Tag: Toward a Cost-Effective and Efficient Code Density

“…The tag provides 11 bits of information within a compact size of 1 cm 2 . In contrast, the tags proposed in the literature, the proposed tag can encode 11 bits within a tag size of 1 cm 2 , while in [44] the tag is capable to encode 30 bits within 4.52 cm 2 ,in [45] capable to encode 20 bits within 4.25 cm 2 , in [46] capable to encode 14 bits within 2.38 cm 2 , in [41] capable to encode 18 bits within 2.6 cm 2 , in [47] capable to encode 30 bits within 30.58 cm 2 , and in [42] capable to encode 32 bits within 3.21 cm 2 . To fit more information into a small tag, tag designs are typically focused on increasing bit density (bits/cm 2 ).…”

“…The tag maintained a code density of 6.92 bits/cm 2 . An arc-shaped chipless tag with overall dimensions of 17.9 × 17.9 mm 2 is reported in [42]. The tag operates in a frequency range from 4.5 GHz to 10.9 GHz and achieves a code density of 9.98 bits/cm 2 and a spectral efficiency of 5 bits/GHz.…”

A Novel Design Methodology to Realize a Single Byte Chipless RFID Tag by Loading a Square Open-Loop Resonator With Micro-Metallic Cells

“…These tags, therefore, consist of only resonating structures. Consequently, fully-passive tags are comparatively more compact and have higher code densities [10], [11], [12]. The information stored on a CRFID tag can be decoded by using either frequency domain (FD) or time domain (TD) techniques.…”

“…The information stored on a CRFID tag can be decoded by using either frequency domain (FD) or time domain (TD) techniques. Several chipless tags employing the above techniques have been recently published in the literature [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. In [10], [11], [12], CRFID tags are designed using multiresonators for encoding the desired information.…”

“…Several chipless tags employing the above techniques have been recently published in the literature [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. In [10], [11], [12], CRFID tags are designed using multiresonators for encoding the desired information. Their EM signatures are measured using FD approach in which presence or absence of a resonance peak is noted.…”