“…7 Many strategies have been explored to address these drawbacks of CN, including heterojunction formation, [8][9][10] defect engineering (such as doping 11,12 and modifying intrinsic vacancies 13,14 ) and morphological design. 15,16 Modication of CN by doping with elements such as S, 17,18 P 19,20 and B 21 is regarded as a facile and effective approach to overcome the inefficient light harvesting of CN and alter the electronic structure, thereby maximising its potential for photocatalytic applications. However, the introduction of foreign atoms can form recombination centres for photoinduced charge carriers or induce thermal instabilities.…”