A 3D model of crustal magnetization at the Pinacate Volcanic Field, NW Sonora, Mexico

Garcı́a-Abdeslem, Juan; Calmus, Thierry

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.05.001

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3D; White and Ross, 2011;Valentine and White, 2012). Many maar volcanoes switched between magmatic volatile-driven and phreatomagmatic eruption processes during their lifetimes and produced (Fisher and Waters, 1970;Crowe and Fisher, 1973). Tuff cones, which normally form during eruption through shallow water, are associated with some basins that contained lakes during the Pleistocene epoch (e.g., Pahvant Butte, Utah; White, 2001).…”

Section: Landforms and Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

2021

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The southwestern United States contains numerous monogenetic basaltic volcanoes distributed in intraplate volcanic fields. We review, on a regional scale, our current understanding of the Quaternary basalts with a focus on aspects pertinent to hazard assessment, such as physical volcanology and geochronology, while also summarizing the several petrogenetic conceptual models that have been proposed for the range of local tectonic settings in the region. We count 2229 volcanoes in 37 volcanic fields (including the Pinacate volcanic field, which is mostly in northern Sonora, Mexico). Volcanic landforms are dominantly scoria cones and ramparts with attendant lava fields that have a spectrum of ‘a'ā and blocky to pāhoehoe morphologies, while a small percentage of the volcanoes are maars and tuff cones. Explosive eruption styles that were driven mainly by magmatic volatiles, where they have been studied in detail, included Hawaiian, Strombolian, violent Strombolian, and sub-Plinian activity. The latter two have resulted in substantial fallout deposits that can be traced tens of kilometers from source vents. Phreatomagmatic styles have produced pyroclastic current (mainly pyroclastic surges), ballistic, and fallout deposits. These eruption styles pose hazards to humans when they occur in populated areas and to air travel and regional infrastructure even in sparsely populated areas. All but one of the major volcanic fields (fields that contain ∼100 or more Quaternary volcanoes) together form a northwest-southeast–trending band, which we suggest may reflect an influence of plate-boundary-related shearing on melt segregation in the upper mantle along with other factors; this view is consistent with recent global positioning system (GPS) and structural geologic data indicating the influence of dextral motion along the North America-Pacific plate boundary deep inside the Southwest. Of the 2229 Quaternary volcanoes identified, ∼548 (25%) have been dated, and only ∼15% have been dated with methods such as 40Ar/39Ar and cosmogenic surface exposure methods that are considered optimal for young basalts. Acknowledging the large uncertainty due to the poor geochronological data coverage, we use a simple Poisson model to provide a first-order estimate of recurrence rates of monogenetic volcanoes on the scale of the region as a whole; recurrence rates using our compiled age data set range from 3.74 × 10−4 yr−1 to 8.63 × 10−4 yr−1. These values are only based on dated and mapped volcanoes, respectively, and do not account for undated and buried volcanoes or other uncertainties in the volcano count. The time between monogenetic eruptions in the Southwest is similar to the repose times of some polygenetic volcanoes, which suggests that the regional hazard is potentially commensurate with the hazard from a reawakening stratovolcano such as those in the Cascade Range. Notable in our review is that only a few volcanoes have been the subject of physical volcanological characterization, interpretation, and detailed petrologic study that may elucidate factors such as magma generation, ascent (including time scales), and controls on eruption style.

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Section: Landforms and Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

2021

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Section: Landforms and Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemental Material: Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

Valentine¹,

al.²

2021

Preprint

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“…All these previous geochemical surveys, along with the Quaternary and recent volcanism (Paz-Moreno et al, 2003;García-Abdeslem and Calmus, 2015), the relative geographical nearness to Cerro Prieto and Las Tres Vírgenes geothermal fields, and the active tectonics of the Gulf of California, seem to identify the Sonora State as a region of Mexico with a promissory geothermal potential (1b). The geological, geophysical and geochemical features enable the hydrothermal systems of Sonora to be studied in more detail for a better evaluation of their geothermal reserves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

et al. 2018

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A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

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A 3D model of crustal magnetization at the Pinacate Volcanic Field, NW Sonora, Mexico

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

Supplemental Material: Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest

Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

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