A 3D‐printed polycaprolactone/β‐tricalcium phosphate mandibular prosthesis: A pilot animal study

Abstract

Objective In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a tonsil‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (TMSC)‐transplanted polycaprolactone/beta‐tricalcium phosphate prosthesis (specifically designed for easier fixing and grafting with a single scaffold) on rabbit mandible osteogenesis. Methods The mandibles of 18 rabbits were exposed, and 10 × 8‐mm bone defects were made. Two rabbits did not receive implants; four were reconstructed with the scaffold control (SC) (SC group); four were reconstructed with scaffolds soaked in peripheral blood (PB) (PB group); four were reconstructed with TMSC‐transplanted scaffolds (TMSC group); and four were reconstructed with differentiated osteocyte‐transplanted scaffolds (DOC) (DOC group). Each rabbit was sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery, and the area of new bone formation was investigated by mechanical testing, histology, and micro‐computed tomography. Results More extended and denser new bone masses were observed in the TMSC and DOC groups, although fibrosis and vascular formation levels were similar in all groups, suggesting that the dual‐structured scaffold alone provides a good environment for bone attachment and regeneration. The bone volumes of representative scaffolds from the SC, PB, TMSC, and DOC groups were 43.12, 48.35, 53.10, and 57.44% of the total volumes, respectively. Conclusion The design of the scaffold resulted in effective osteogenesis, and TMSCs showed osteogenic potency, indicating that their combination could enable effective bone regeneration. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130:358–366, 2020

Three‐dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/beta‐tricalcium phosphate scaffold was more effective as an rhBMP‐2 carrier for new bone formation than polycaprolactone alone

“…Similar attempts to fabricate PCL/T50 scaffolds for bone regeneration have been reported in previous studies. Owing to the difficulty of handling beta‐TCP in the rapid prototyping type of 3D printing, most studies applied PCL with less than 20% beta‐TCP 25,33‐36 . However, low concentrations of beta‐TCP resulted in a lack of significant differences between PCL and PCL/beta‐TCP in bone regeneration 37 .…”

Polycaprolactone as biomaterial for bone scaffolds: Review of literature

“…80 assessed the effectiveness of a tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell on a transplanted PCL/beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold on rabbit mandible in a 10 × 8-mm bone defect at 12 weeks and observed extended dense new bone masses. 81 Ho (2018) studied the effects of Biodentine/PCL scaffold with odontogenesis properties on human dental pulp cells. The Biodentine/PCL scaffolds were fabricated with uniform macropores 550 μm and interconnections using an extrusion printer.…”

Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Fabrication of Biomaterials for Surgical Procedures in Dentistry: A Narrative Review

“…Among the 89 selected articles, 9 did not perform biological tests to assess cell and bone growth, 17,23,26,41 59,64,68,88,102 evaluating the mechanical and morphological properties, 26,41,59,64,68,88,102 porosity and pore interconnectivity, 88 dissolution rates, 26,68 thermal stability, 26,41 surface wettability, 26,102 bacterial adhesion, 17 and antibacterial activity 41 . In order to assess cell and bone growth, 37 articles performed in vitro studies, 16,19–22,24,30,31,35,37–39,42,44–48,50, 54,56,60,62,63,67,70,71,78,79,87,89,90,101, 103,104,106,109 22 articles included in vivo assays, 7,9,10,14,25,28,32,36,40,43,57,58,61,65,66, 69,73–76,91,100 and 21 articles performed sequentially in vitro and in vivo studies 8,11–13,15,18,27,29,33,34,49,51–53,55,72,77,92,105,107,108 …”

“…79 In vivo studies included in this review indicated that scaffolds promote cell viability, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, inducing bone mineralization despite the used AM technique. 15,40,58,65,69 The animal studies show a favorable interaction between the scaffolds and the surrounding tissue. 8,[10][11][12][13] Furthermore, elements, such as TGFβ, BMP-2, and MSCs promote osteogenesis by inducing cell transformation towards the bone cell lineage.…”