A 4 V Li‐Ion Battery using All‐Spinel‐Based Electrodes

Abstract

Boosting the performance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) beyond the state-of-the-art is mandatory toward meeting the future energy requirements of the consumer mass market. The replacement of conventional graphite anodes with conversion-type metal-oxide anodes is one progressive approach toward achieving this goal. Here, a LIB consisting of a highcapacity spinel NiMn O anode and a high-voltage spinel LiNi Mn O cathode was proposed. Polyhedral-shaped NiMn O powder was prepared from a citrate precursor via the sol-gel method. Electrochemical tests showed that the NiMn O in a half-cell configuration could deliver reversible capacities of 750 and 303 mAh g at 0.1 and 3 C rates. Integrating the NiMn O anode into a full-cell configuration provided an estimated energy density of 506 Wh kg (vs. cathode mass) upon 100 cycles and excellent cycling performance over 150 cycles at the 0.1 C rate, which can be considered promising in terms of satisfying the demands for high energy densities in large-scale applications.

Synthesis of a High-Capacity α-Fe2O3@C Conversion Anode and a High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel Cathode and Their Combination in a Li-Ion Battery

“…36 − 39 Among them, LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 revealed the most suitable performance in the lithium cell, namely, a working voltage of 4.8 V, a theoretical capacity of 147 mA h g –1 , and high rate capability. 40 − 42 Herein, we extended the approach previously adopted for the synthesis of NiO@C 35 to prepare a C-coated α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite anode and concomitantly prepared by the ad hoc developed method, a LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 spinel cathode. α-Fe 2 O 3 @C has been obtained from maghemite iron oxide (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) and sucrose, by annealing under reducing conditions with subsequent oxidation at mild temperatures in air.…”

“…However, the voltage hysteresis and a working voltage higher than that of conventional graphite may actually jeopardize the potential use of conversion electrodes in a practical full Li-ion cell . On the other hand, high-voltage cathodes exploiting the spinel-type structure and a Li x M y N (2– y ) O 4 chemical formula (where M and N are transition metals, e.g., Ni, Mn, or Fe) appeared as the ideal candidates for enabling the use of the Li-conversion anodes. − Among them, LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 revealed the most suitable performance in the lithium cell, namely, a working voltage of 4.8 V, a theoretical capacity of 147 mA h g –1 , and high rate capability. − Herein, we extended the approach previously adopted for the synthesis of NiO@C to prepare a C-coated α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite anode and concomitantly prepared by the ad hoc developed method, a LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 spinel cathode. α-Fe 2 O 3 @C has been obtained from maghemite iron oxide (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) and sucrose, by annealing under reducing conditions with subsequent oxidation at mild temperatures in air.…”

Synergistically Suppressing Lithium Dendrite Growth by Coating Poly‐l‐Lactic Acid on Sustainable Gel Polymer Electrolyte

“…The Li + transference number ( t Li+ ) is another persuasive parameter to evaluate the ionic conductivity of the GPE systems . As already known, with a low t Li+ , an electrolyte concentration gradient and polarization near the electrode would be formed during the charging/discharging process . The consequential opposite polarization voltage would remarkably affect the energy efficiency and service life of the LIBs.…”

Investigating the energy storage performance of the ZnMn 2 O 4 anode for its potential application in lithium‐ion batteries

“…Although pre-lithiation minimized the initial low CE on the anode side, an additional 3% capacity loss occurred owing to the fresh electrolyte decomposition in the full cell. 60 Furthermore, the full cell provided specific energy of 561.5 Whkg À1 at the initial stage, calculated from the integrals of the discharge curve. The projected gravimetric energy density was 331.3 Whkg À1 , considering a 41% penalty factor for the weights of the electrolyte, and auxiliary components (eg, current collector and casting).…”