A 400 GΩ Input-Impedance Active Electrode for Non-Contact Capacitively Coupled ECG Acquisition With Large Linear-Input-Range and High CM-Interference-Tolerance

Chen, Mingyi; Chun, Ho Sung; Castro, Ivan D.; Torfs, Tom; Lin, Qiuyang; Hoof, Chris Van; Wang, Guoxing; Lian, Yong; Helleputte, Nick Van

doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2895660

Cited by 51 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Many studies are dealing with biological signal processing, mostly ECG; however, ECG signals have significantly lower bandwidths requiring a different design approach. Therefore, papers proposing systems suitable for signal processing in the order of a few kHz were chosen for the comparison table except for [ 37 , 38 ]. These papers are listed because the presented topology contains a similar active ground circuit and has high CMRR in the case of [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Differential Analog Front-End for Signal Processing from EMG Sensor in 28 nm FDSOI Technology

Kledrowetz

Prokop

Fujcik

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents a novel analog front-end for EMG sensor signal processing powered by 1 V. Such a low supply voltage requires specific design steps enabled using the 28 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) technology from STMicroelectronics. An active ground circuit is implemented to keep the input common-mode voltage close to the analog ground and to minimize external interference. The amplifier circuit comprises an input instrumentation amplifier (INA) and a programmable-gain amplifier (PGA). Both are implemented in a fully differential topology. The actual performance of the circuit is analyzed using the corner and Monte Carlo analyses that comprise fifth-hundred samples for the global and local process variations. The proposed circuit achieves a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 105.5 dB and a high input impedance of 11 GΩ with a chip area of 0.09 mm2.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Differential Analog Front-End for Signal Processing from EMG Sensor in 28 nm FDSOI Technology

Kledrowetz

Prokop

Fujcik

et al. 2023

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The portable ECG and neural monitoring applications tend to implement low noise, high input impedance and low power consumption. The capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifier without chopping in [14] has very high input impedance, but its input-referred noise and power consumption are higher than chopper amplifiers in [8,12,15,16]. On the other hand, the chopper amplifier without DSL in [15], must have a large off-chip capacitor to avoid the influence of EOS.…”

Section: Simulated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Noise, High Input Impedance Digital-Analog Hybrid Offset Suppression Amplifier for Wearable Dry Electrode ECG Monitoring

Wang

Wei

et al. 2020

Electronics

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The portable real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) is a convenient and promising electronic device for cardiovascular diseases patients. However, unlike wet gel electrodes in traditional clinical applications, dry electrodes are competent for comfortable long-time wearing and can prevent skin ulceration. Its ultra-high source impedance and electrode offset (EOS) make traditional chopper amplifiers with low input impedance and limited EOS range difficult to apply to this area. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel chopper amplifier topology. This architecture includes a gain control loop, a ripple reduction loop, and a DC-servo loop (DSL). The proposed sampling input stage and digital-analog hybrid DSL are employed to boost input impedance and extend the EOS handing range. Designed with a 0.18 µm 1P6M 1.8 V CMOS salicide process, the proposed chopper capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifier achieves an ultra-high input impedance of 120 GΩ (<0.05 Hz) or 2.1 GΩ (0.6~250 Hz), an EOS handing range of ±325 mV and a low noise of 1.9 μVrms at 0.6~250 Hz. It occupies an area of 0.36 mm2 and only consumes a quiescent current of 11 μA.

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“…Sensing principle Active energy Distance Position Sensitivity # of monitored Costs PPG [20] Photon absorption Yes <mm o 1 ↓ Radar/Laser [21], [22] Velocity, Displacement Yes m ↓ >1 ↑ ↑ Impedance [23] Conductivity, Permittivity Yes cm o 1 o Video Motion [24] Displacement No m ↓ >1 ↑ ↑ BCG/SCG [25] Force, Displacement No m ↓ 1 o Thermography [26] Temperature No cm ↓ ↓ >1 ↑ ↑ cECG [15], [27] Bioelectricity No <mm ↑ ↑ 1 ↓ EPS [28], [29] Bioelectricity, Displacement No cm ↓ ↓ 1 ↓ PPG: Photoplethysmography; BCG: Ballistocardiography; SCG: Seismocardiography; cECG: Capacitive Electrocardiography; EPS: Electric Potential Sensing; o: median; ↑: high; ↓: low.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Electric Potential Sensors for Non-Contact Monitoring of Physiological Signals

et al. 2022

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The paper describes highly-sensitive passive electric potential sensors (EPS) for non-contact detection of multiple biophysical signals, including electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration cycle (RC), and electroencephalogram (EEG). The proposed EPS uses an optimized transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a single guarded sensing electrode, and an adaptive cancellation loop (ACL) to maximize sensitivity (DC transimpedance = 150 GΩ) in the presence of power line interference (PLI) and motion artifacts. Tests were performed on healthy adult volunteers in noisy and unshielded indoor environments. Useful sensing ranges for ECG, RC, and EEG measurements, as validated against reference contact sensors, were observed to be approximately 50 cm, 100 cm, and 5 cm, respectively. ECG and RC signals were also successfully measured through wooden tables for subjects in sleep-like postures. The EPS were integrated with a wireless microcontroller to realize wireless sensor nodes capable of streaming acquired data to a remote base station in real-time.

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A 400 GΩ Input-Impedance Active Electrode for Non-Contact Capacitively Coupled ECG Acquisition With Large Linear-Input-Range and High CM-Interference-Tolerance

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

A Fully Differential Analog Front-End for Signal Processing from EMG Sensor in 28 nm FDSOI Technology

A Fully Differential Analog Front-End for Signal Processing from EMG Sensor in 28 nm FDSOI Technology

Low Noise, High Input Impedance Digital-Analog Hybrid Offset Suppression Amplifier for Wearable Dry Electrode ECG Monitoring

High-Sensitivity Electric Potential Sensors for Non-Contact Monitoring of Physiological Signals

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