A 400 MHz 4.5 nW −63.8 dBm sensitivity wake-up receiver employing an active pseudo-balun envelope detector

Wang, Po-Han Peter; Jiang, Haowei; Gao, Li; Sen, Pinar; Kim, Young-Han; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.; Mercier, Patrick P.; Hall, Drew A.

doi:10.1109/esscirc.2017.8094519

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…RF tuning and hardware optimization: We expect that the performance of Morpho can be increased substantially with better RF optimization. Other work has reported tens of meters backscatter range and higher sensitivity passive detectors [18,33,49,52]. Such improvements can extend our techniques to larger sized areas (e.g.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This is shown in Figure 3, where a second envelope detector (in red) is tailored for low rate control messages where range is more important than rate. A significant sensitivity gap can be expected between these two detectors -for example, a state-of-art detector for rates of 100 kbps has a receive sensitivity of -50 dBm whereas a detector for low rates of a few kbps has a receive sensitivity of -68 dBm [52].…”

Section: Morpho Sensor Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymorphic radios

Rostami¹,

Gummeson²,

Kiaghadi³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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Duty-cycling has emerged as the predominant method for optimizing power consumption of low-power radios, particularly for sensors that transmit sporadically in small bursts. But duty-cycling is a poor fit for applications involving highrate sensor data from wearable sensors such as IMUs, microphones, and imagers that need to stream data to the cloud to execute sophisticated machine learning models.We argue that there is significant room to optimize lowpower radios if we can take advantage of channel dynamics in short-range settings. However, we face challenges in designing radios that are efficient at power levels between µWs and mWs to take advantage of periods of good signal strength and nimble to deal with highly dynamic channels resulting from body movements. To achieve this, we propose radio polymorphism, a radio architecture with tightly integrated passive and active components that allows us to turn high channel dynamics to our advantage. We leverage passive modes in myriad ways within the network stack, from minimizing data transfer and control overheads to improving rate selection and enabling channel-aware opportunistic transmission. We instantiate our design in a full hardwaresoftware prototype, Morpho, and demonstrate up to an order of improvement in efficiency across diverse scenarios and applications.

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Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Morpho Sensor Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic radios

Rostami¹,

Gummeson²,

Kiaghadi³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: State Of the Art On Ieee 80211-based Wake-up Radio Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More sophisticated WuRx designs include active elements, offering additional features, such as the possibility to send WuC to a specific WuRx or group of receivers (i.e., addressable WuC) or the capacity to decode and process binary data embedded in the WuC. Still, even with the presence of active elements, a WuRx requires power in the scale of µ W, or even nW [7]. In the case of IEEE 802.11-based WuR, the Wi-Fi radio is considered as the primary radio used for the regular exchange of data frames, which benefits from the security features, and high transmission rates supported by the IEEE 802.11 specifications.…”

Section: State Of the Art On Ieee 80211-based Wake-up Radio Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandwidth-Based Wake-Up Radio Solution through IEEE 802.11 Technology

López-Aguilera

García-Villegas

2021

Sensors

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IEEE 802.11 consists of one of the most used wireless access technologies, which can be found in almost all consumer electronics devices available. Recently, Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems have emerged as a solution for energy-efficient communications. WuR mechanisms rely on using a secondary low-power radio interface that is always in the active operation mode and is in charge of switching the primary interface, used for main data exchange, from the power-saving state to the active mode. In this paper, we present a WuR solution based on IEEE 802.11 technology employing transmissions of legacy frames by an IEEE 802.11 standard-compliant transmitter during a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) period. Unlike other proposals available in the literature, the WuR system presented in this paper exploits the PHY characteristics of modern IEEE 802.11 radios, where different signal bandwidths can be used on a per-packet basis. The proposal is validated through the Matlab software tool, and extensive simulation results are presented in a wide variety of scenario configurations. Moreover, insights are provided on the feasibility of the WuR proposal for its implementation in real hardware. Our approach allows the transmission of complex Wake-up Radio signals (i.e., including address field and other binary data) from legacy Wi-Fi devices (from IEEE 802.11n-2009 on), avoiding hardware or even firmware modifications intended to alter standard MAC/PHY behavior, and achieving a bit rate of up to 33 kbps.

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“…Hence, all correlator-based WuRx designs implicitly feature addressing capabilities. The addressable WuRx proposed in [8] is one of the lowest power solutions in the literature, consuming a mere 4.5 nW. To achieve such low power with an impressive −63.8 dBm sensitivity, its design also uses the envelope detector and correlator approach.…”

Section: Wake-up Radio Systems So Farmentioning

confidence: 99%

IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

López-Aguilera

Demirkol

García-Villegas

et al. 2019

Sensors

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IEEE 802.11 is one of the most commonly used radio access technologies, being present in almost all handheld devices with networking capabilities. However, its energy-hungry communication modes are a challenge for the increased battery lifetime of such devices and are an obstacle for its use in battery-constrained devices such as the ones defined by many Internet of Things applications. Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems have appeared as a solution for increasing the energy efficiency of communication technologies by employing a secondary low-power radio interface, which is always in the active state and switches the primary transceiver (used for main data communication) from the energy-saving to the active operation mode. The high market penetration of IEEE 802.11 technology, together with the benefits that WuR systems can bring to this widespread technology, motivates this article’s focus on IEEE 802.11-based WuR solutions. More specifically, we elaborate on the feasibility of such IEEE 802.11-based WuR solutions, and introduce the latest standardization efforts in this IEEE 802.11-based WuR domain, IEEE 802.11ba, which is a forthcoming IEEE 802.11 amendment, discussing its main features and potential use cases. As a use case consisting of green Wi-Fi application, we provide a proof-of-concept smart plug system implemented by a WuR that is activated remotely using IEEE 802.11 devices, evaluate its monetary and energy savings, and compare it with commercially available smart plug solutions. Finally, we discuss novel applications beyond the wake-up functionality that IEEE 802.11-enabled WuR devices can offer using a secondary radio, as well as applications that have not yet been considered by IEEE 802.11ba. As a result, we argue that the IEEE 802.11-based WuR solution will support a wide range of devices and deployments, for both low-rate and low-power communications, as well as high-rate transmissions.

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A 400 MHz 4.5 nW −63.8 dBm sensitivity wake-up receiver employing an active pseudo-balun envelope detector

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Polymorphic radios

Polymorphic radios

Bandwidth-Based Wake-Up Radio Solution through IEEE 802.11 Technology

IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

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