A 46-year Analysis of Gender Trends in Academic Authorship in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine

Kim, Chang-Yeon; Sivasundaram, Lakshmanan; Trivedi, Nikunj N.; Gilmore, Allison; Gillespie, Robert J.; Salata, Michael J.; Liu, Raymond W.; Voos, James E.

doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-18-00669

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Objective measures of career productivity, leadership positions, and academic success have been shown to be inferior for women than for men, which could be a factor in career choice. Women average fewer publications than their male counterparts in orthopaedic sports medicine and are more frequently attributed middle authorship rather than senior authorship 32 . From 1987 to 2017, 1.7% of senior authors and 4.4% of first authors of orthopaedic publications were female 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States

2021

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Background: This study was undertaken to update reports from 2004 to 2005 through 2008 to 2009, and 2009 to 2010 through 2013 to 2014, including 5 additional years of GME Track data. Our hypothesis is there have been no significant changes during the past 5 years in the distribution of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopaedics residency programs that train female residents, compared with the previous 10 years. Methods: Data for ACGME-accredited orthopaedics residency training programs in the United States were analyzed for 5 consecutive academic years (2014-2015 through 2018-2019). Programs were classified as having no women, 1 woman, 2 women, or greater than 2 women in training. Programs were analyzed for percentage of female residents and classified as having above the national average (>20%), similar to the national average (between 10 and 20%), or below the national average (<10%). Results: Analysis of the original 5 years (2004-2009) compared with the most recent data (2014-2019) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the number of programs training women (p < 0.001). From 2004 to 2009 to 2014 to 2019, the absolute number and percent of female trainees have increased (p < 0.001). Similar analysis of the middle 5 years (2009-2014) compared with the most recent 5 years (2014-2019) did not demonstrate a statistically significant change (p = 0.12). From 2014 to 2019, residency programs in the United States continue to train women at unequal rates: 37 programs had no female trainees, while 53 programs had >20% female trainees during at least one of these 5 years. Conclusions: Female medical students continue to pursue orthopaedics at rates lagging behind all other surgical specialties. Not all residency programs train women at equal rates. If the rate of training of female residents over the past 15 years were projected over time, we would not achieve 30% women within orthopaedics residency training programs until approximately 2060. Level of Evidence: III.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States

2021

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“…The musculoskeletal literature is deficient on general bibliometric and authorship gender studies, although there has been recent interest [ 7 – 11 , 69 – 73 ]. With this deficiency in mind, the purpose of this study was to analyze bibliometric changes of the musculoskeletal literature (basic science, translational, and clinical) over the last 30 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of the English Musculoskeletal Literature over the Last 30 Years

Loder

Kacena

Ogbemudia

et al. 2021

The Scientific World Journal

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Publication and authorship are important in academia for career advancement, obtaining grants, and improved patient care. There has been a recent interest in bibliometric changes over time, especially regarding the gender gap. The purpose of this study was to explore bibliometric changes in the musculoskeletal literature. Bibliometric variables (number of authors, institutions, countries, pages, references, corresponding author position, author gender, geographic region of origin, and editorial board makeup) were analyzed for 5 basic science and 12 clinically oriented musculoskeletal journals from 1985 through 2016. Statistical analyses comprised bivariate analyses, multifactorial ANOVAs, and logistic regression analyses. A p < 0.005 was considered significant. Nearly, all variables increased over time. Asia had the highest number of authors and corresponding author positions, Australia/New Zealand the highest number of institutions and references, North America the highest number of pages, and Europe the highest number of countries. Those with a female first author had more authors, institutions, countries, references, and pages. Likewise, those with a female corresponding author had more authors, institutions, countries, references, and pages. Single-authored manuscripts decreased over time. The percentage of female first authors rose from 10.8% in 1985–1987 to 23.7% in 2015–2016. There were more female 1st authors in the basic science journals compared to the clinical journals (33.2% vs. 12.7%). Single-authored manuscripts were more likely to be written by males (5.1 vs. 2.4%) and decreased over time. The many differences by geographic region of origin likely reflect different socio/cultural attitudes regarding academia and research, as well as the gender composition of the disciplines by geographic region. Overall, there has been an increase in the number of female 1st and corresponding authors, editorial board members, and chief editors, indicating a slow but progressive narrowing of the gender gap.

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“…These differences have ranged from women being underrepresented in leadership roles to women being less likely to compose or publish manuscripts. [9][10][11][12][13] In family medicine, female authorship in three major family medicine journals has increased in the last decade, but there is still a gender gap in senior authorship. 14 Gender differences in scholarship are relevant to the gender gap among academic senior faculty positions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Concordance of First and Senior Authors in Family Medicine Journals

Malchuk

Coffman

Wilkinson

et al. 2021

Fam Med

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Background and Objectives: Women have increased in presence within academic family medicine over time yet remain underrepresented among senior faculty. Mentorship is a mechanism by which senior faculty support scholarly achievements, accelerating advancement of junior faculty. Methods: We analyzed 10 years (2008-2017) of original research articles in three peer-reviewed family medicine journals. We examined first author/last author pairs by gender as a proxy for mentorship of junior faculty by senior faculty. We compiled family medicine faculty data across 9 years to compare trends in scholarly mentorship with faculty advancement. Results: Female last authorship increased from 28.8% (55/191) of original research articles with a first and last author in 2008 to 41.8% (94/225) in 2017. The share of female first authors on articles with a female last author was 56.4% in 2008 and 2017. The share of female first authors on articles with a male last author increased from 41.2% (56/136) to 55.7% (73/131) between 2008 and 2017. From 2009-2017, the proportion of women increased for assistant, associate, and full professor roles, but remained under 50% for the associate professor role and at 35% for professorship in 2017. Conclusions: Despite disproportionate rates of last authorship and senior faculty positions in family medicine departments, senior female authors have equal if not greater rates of mentorship of female first authors in family medicine literature. The increase in first authorship, last authorship, and faculty position indicates that improvements have occurred in gender advancement over the study period, but gains are still needed to improve gender equity within the field.

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A 46-year Analysis of Gender Trends in Academic Authorship in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States

A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States

Bibliometric Analysis of the English Musculoskeletal Literature over the Last 30 Years

Gender Concordance of First and Senior Authors in Family Medicine Journals

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