A 4π neutron multiplicity detector for heavy-ion experiments

Jahnke, U.; Ingold, Gert‐Ludwig; Hilscher, D.; Orf, H.; Koop, Esther; Feige, G. B.; Brandt, R.

doi:10.1007/3-540-12001-7_252

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The logic of neutron detection with such a kind of devices (see e.g. [13,14]) is based on the fact that the neutrons emitted in the reaction are thermalized in the scintillator and successively captured by the Gd nuclei at different times. This allows to count with high efficiency [14] for each reaction the emitted neutrons, by detecting the 7 radiation of the radiative neutron captures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum excitation energy in fusion-evaporation reactions from light particle multiplicity measurements in32S+58Ni at 25 MeV/A

Фігуера

Bohne

Drescher

et al. 1995

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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Abstract. By using two 4~c detector systems for charged particles and neutrons, we measured the evaporated light particles emitted in coincidence with evaporation residues (ER) produced in the reaction 32S + 58Ni at E(32S) 820 MeV. From the analysis of the light particle multiplicities as a function of the ER velocity, we extracted the maximum excitation energy reached in fusion evaporation reactions for the studied system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum excitation energy in fusion-evaporation reactions from light particle multiplicity measurements in32S+58Ni at 25 MeV/A

Фігуера

Bohne

Drescher

et al. 1995

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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“…It is a large spherical neutron detector operating like the BNB [3,4] or ORION [5,6]. This kind of detector was already used in the past for (n,2n) integrated cross-section measurements [7].…”

Section: Detection Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gaseous target is a cylinder of 1 cm in diameter and between 1 and 6 cm long filled with deuterium at a pressure of 1.5 bars. The neutron energy covers the 4 -25 MeV range by using T(p,n) 3 He, D(d,n) 3 He and T(d,n) 3 He reactions.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Experimental Set-Up for (N,xn) Reactions Studies

Ledoux¹,

Lantuejoul²,

Arnal³

et al. 2007

Proceedings of International Workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications — PoS(FNDA2006)

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The (n,xn) reactions play an important role in many nuclear applications like accelerator-driven systems, fast neutron reactors or nuclear medicine. Their experimental study is necessary to improve and validate simulation models especially between about 10 MeV and 200 MeV where the pre-equilibrium process becomes significant and data are scarce. A new experimental set-up has been built near the Tandem 7MV of Bruyères-le-Châtel (France) in order to perform new (n,xn) double-differential cross section measurements. It is composed of a 4π neutron detector and a low background neutron beam line. The detector, called CARMEN, is a tank containing 1 m 3 of Gd-loaded liquid scintillator. It is intended to neutron multiplicity distributions measurements event by event with a very high efficiency (85% to fission neutrons). Due to its high sensitivity, CARMEN requires a well collimated neutron beam line as well as a low background. The neutrons are produced by nuclear reactions between proton or deuteron primary beams and tritium or deuterium targets surrounded by a heavy concrete shielding through which a channel was made defining the neutron beam. Neutron beams between 4 and 25 MeV are thus available. The entire set-up (detector and neutron production) and original experiments will be presented.The energy spectra of tagged (n,2n) reactions have been measured in the 8.3 -13.3 MeV range on several targets. The results are compared with the predictions of the nuclear reaction code TALYS.

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“…both the CE Bruydres-Le-ChStel one (qS1 m, 500 1) [8] and the Berlin Ball (q51.4 m, 1500 1) [9] for the measurements with the Ar beam and ORION (~bl.6 m x 2 m, 3000 1) [10] for the others (Kr beam). Although these detectors have different sizes and geometries, they are all based on the same detection principle [9]. Neutrons are slowed down to thermal energy essentially by elastic scattering with hydrogen and carbon nuclei of the solvent, before being captured by Gd nuclei, with which the scintillator is loaded.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three different 4n liquid-scintillator detectors were used, i.e. both the CE Bruydres-Le-ChStel one (qS1 m, 500 1) [8] and the Berlin Ball (q51.4 m, 1500 1) [9] for the measurements with the Ar beam and ORION (~bl.6 m x 2 m, 3000 1) [10] for the others (Kr beam). Although these detectors have different sizes and geometries, they are all based on the same detection principle [9].…”

Section: Experimental Procedures and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive excitation-energy distributions of hot nuclei from 44 MeV/nucleon Ar- and 32 MeV/nucleon Kr-induced reactions

Lott

Charvet²,

Crema

et al. 1993

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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Abstract. Inclusive neutron multiplicity distributionswere measured by means of 4~z liqfiid-scintillator detectors for Ar and Kr-induced reactions at 44 MeV/nucleon and 32 MeV/nucleon, respectively. For all the systems studied, the observed distributions exhibit a bump structure at large multiplicity, corresponding to highly dissipative collisions. For Ar-induced reactions, the excitation energies necessary to explain the most probable neutron multiplicity associated with these dissipative collisions are estimated, the correspondence between excitation energy and neutron multiplicity being calculated in the framework of the statistical model. The so-obtained values of excitation energies, which are systematically lower than those predicted using the massive-transfer picture, are discussed.

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A 4π neutron multiplicity detector for heavy-ion experiments

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Maximum excitation energy in fusion-evaporation reactions from light particle multiplicity measurements in32S+58Ni at 25 MeV/A

Maximum excitation energy in fusion-evaporation reactions from light particle multiplicity measurements in32S+58Ni at 25 MeV/A

An Improved Experimental Set-Up for (N,xn) Reactions Studies

Inclusive excitation-energy distributions of hot nuclei from 44 MeV/nucleon Ar- and 32 MeV/nucleon Kr-induced reactions

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