A 5-Year Analysis of Weight Cycling Practices in a Male World Champion Professional Boxer: Potential Implications for Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease

Morehen, James C; Langan-Evans, Carl; Hall, Elliott; Close, Graeme L.; Morton, James P.

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0085

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Then, seven studies were included in meta-analyses thanks to raw data sent by the authors, conducting 32 the total number of studies included in the meta-analyses. 2,[11][12][13]16,38,39,41,43,53,[78][79][80][81][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Combat sports athletes regained a mean of 5.5 ± 2.4% of BW WL . [2][3][4][11][12][13][14]38,40,41,43,44,50,53,67,71,78,79,[83][84][85][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95]99,100,103 Pre-WL versus WG Among the 13 studies that reported apparent statistics regarding BW pre-WL versus BW WG , 8 did not notice any significant change (À0.49 ± 0.18 kg after 8.1 ± 8.7 days of WG), 43,63,85,87,88,[91][92][93] whereas 5 of them highlighted a significant decrease of BW (À1.36 ± 0.04 kg within 3.1 ± 3.4 days of WG, p < 0.05). 41,50,53,89,95 Four 41,50,…”

Section: Wl Methods and Wg Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,16,38,39,41,43,53,[78][79][80][81][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] For a better understanding, results were presented in Table2, and included studies in meta-analyses were detailed in TableS4. WL and WG dura-…”

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confidence: 99%

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Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analyses

Bagot,

Pélissier,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Obesity Reviews

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Depending on the nature of their sports, athletes may be engaged in successive weight loss (WL) and regain, conducing to “weight cycling.” The aims of this paper were to systematically (and meta‐analytically when possible) analyze the post‐WL recovery of (i) body weight and (ii) fat mass; fat‐free mass; and performance and metabolic responses in weight cycling athletes (18–55 years old, body mass index < 30 kg.m−2). MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases were explored. The quality and risk of bias of the 74 included studies were assessed using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Thirty‐two studies were eligible for meta‐analyses. Whatever the type of sports or methods used to lose weight, post‐WL body weight does not seem affected compared with pre‐WL. While similar results are observed for fat‐free mass, strength sports athletes (also having longer WL and regain periods) do not seem to fully recover their initial fat mass (ES: −0.39, 95% CI: [−0.77; −0.00], p = 0.048, I2 = 0.0%). Although the methods used by athletes to achieve WL might prevent them from a potential post‐WL fat overshooting, further studies are needed to better understand WL episodes consequences on athletes' performance as well as short‐ and long‐term physical, metabolic, and mental health.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wl Methods and Wg Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analyses

Bagot,

Pélissier,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Obesity Reviews

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“…It has been suggested that sleep may improve with subtle changes in TL but become disturbed with large increases relative to the athlete ( 19 ). Whilst the TL of combat sport athletes may not be as high compared to athletes from other sports ( 20 ), due to BM elevations induced partly from inactivity ( 5 , 21 ), these athletes are often exposed to a large increase in TL when making weight. This is supported by data in combat sport athletes, where sleep was rated worse during early preparation training compared with mid preparation training and on training days compared with rest days, indicating sleep may be challenged when commencing training after a rest period ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Effect of low energy availability and training load on sleep in a male combat sport athlete

Thomas

Langan-Evans²,

Germaine³

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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PurposeThe aim of this case report was to describe the sleep responses in a male combat sport athlete, who was engaging in both chronic (CWL) and acute (AWL) weight loss practices in order to reduce body mass for a national competition.MethodsDuring the first seven weeks of training (Phases 1 and 2), the athlete adhered to a daily energy intake (EI) equating to their resting metabolic rate (1700 kcal·day−1) followed by a reduction in EI (1200–1300 kcal·day−1) in the 5 days before weighing in (Phase 3). Nocturnal sleep was monitored throughout the 8-week training period using wristwatch actigraphy and frequent measurements of body mass/composition, daily exercise energy expenditure and training load (TL) were taken.ResultsThe athlete was in a state of low energy availability (LEA) during the entire training period. There was a very large decrease in LEA status during phase 3 compared with phases 1 and 2 (3 vs. 20 kcal·kgFFM·day−1) and there was a small decrease in TL during phase 3 compared with phase 2 (410 vs. 523 AU). The athlete's sleep efficiency increased throughout the training period, but total sleep time displayed a small to moderate decrease in phase 3 compared with phases 1 and 2 (386 vs. 429 and 430 min). However, correlational analysis demonstrated trivial to small, non-significant relationships between sleep characteristics and the athlete's LEA status and TL.ConclusionThese findings suggest that CWL and AWL practices that cause fluctuations in LEA and TL may be implemented without compromising the sleep of combat sport athletes.

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“…Indeed, findings show a considerable energy deficit over a period as short as 8-weeks can elicit an ad libitum energy intake of >36,000 kcal per week, resulting in a body mass gain of 8.3 kg (Langan- Evans et al, 2021). It is noted that such periods of hyperphagia are of particular concern to individuals predisposed to continually fluctuating energy intakes given the subsequent gain in body mass later in life (Saarni et al, 2006;Pietiläinen et al, 2011;Langan-Evans et al, 2021;Morehen et al, 2021).…”

Section: An Argument For Rebound Hyperphagiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions on the health trajectory of individuals with cystic fibrosis

Aspinall¹

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), resulting in a build-up of viscous mucus and multi-organ dysfunction. Advances in treatment have decreased the burden of CF and increased survival age. However, clinicians and researchers must continue to look for areas that contribute to improved quantity and quality of life for individuals with CF. The aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of nutritional status, aerobic capacity, and modulator therapy on clinical outcomes within CF patients. Study 1 demonstrated the minimal effective dose of exercise needed to elicit change in aerobic capacity. Safety and efficacy of this protocol was evidenced with increases in aerobic capacity akin to that seen in the general population. Study 2 observed the longitudinal effect nutritional status had on pulmonary function. Female pulmonary function evidenced an increased sensitivity to change in body mass index when compared to males. Study 3 evaluated the lived experience of CFTR treatment, highlighting despite clinically relevant benefits, benefits do not come in the absence of negative physical and psychological challenges. Study 4 demonstrated increased incidence of overweight/obesity following implementation of CFTR treatment Introduction of CFTR treatment has rapidly changed the outlook of CF care. As landscape of the disease changes there is a need to adapt to new individual needs in what is a familiar disease with a new face. Whilst diet and exercise represented significant cornerstones of care in the past 30 years, as disease burden decreases, there is a need to view diet and exercise as means of enhancing physical and psychological health, rather than tools to manage the symptoms of the disease. Whilst this thesis is unable to quantify the effect of CFTR therapy on health, the future has never looked brighter for CF patients.

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A 5-Year Analysis of Weight Cycling Practices in a Male World Champion Professional Boxer: Potential Implications for Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analyses

Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analyses

Case Report: Effect of low energy availability and training load on sleep in a male combat sport athlete

The effect of therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions on the health trajectory of individuals with cystic fibrosis

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