A 55-pound solid uterine myoma

Beacham, Woodard D.; Holmes, J. H. G.; Beacham, Hugh T.; Mitchell, George J.; Callender, Claude G.; Beacham, Dan W.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)31609-4

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there are no techno-economic or environmental studies specifically focused on the evaluation of GTP routes technology. The current literature deals instead with the assessment of routes integrating olefin production from industrial and urban organic wastes or general biomass, as a wider context. ,− This might be related to the major progress in research and technology made in the field of these processes. − ,,− Some of these concepts have already entered the testing stage or industrial development; i) SABIC technology (The Netherlands and Saudi Arabia) is based on the cofeeding of “second generation” animal fats and vegetable oils with petroleum feedstocks, , ii) The BRASKEM approach (Brazil) involves sugar cane fermentation to bioethanol followed by dehydration to bioethylene and further dimerization and metathesis to biopropylene, , iii) The MITSUI chemical route (Japan) involves second generation biomass fermentation to biobutanol, followed by dehydration to biobutylene and metathesis with ethylene to produce green propylene, for example. Furthermore, the most developed concept, which is employed by many companies (e.g., ExxonMobil, TotalEnergies, and Shell Global Solutions) involves the initial gasification of second-generation biomass and urban wastes to produce syngas, followed by FTS of methanol.…”

Section: The State-of-the-art Of Gtp Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioglycerol-to-Propylene Routes: From Fundamental Catalysis to Process Design and Marketing

El Doukkali,

Bahlouri,

Paul

et al. 2023

ACS Catal.

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Bioglycerol-to-propylene (GTP) routes are undergoing major developments in terms of both fundamental catalysis and process design on the way to becoming a connecting bridge between the biorefinery and polyolefin industries. This review starts introducing some GTP routes-related market potentialities and continues discussing significant mechanistic, kinetic, and engineering developments in GTP catalysis involving high-temperature, multistep, tandem, and single-step hydrodeoxygenation strategies. It highlights the main advances made in the design of efficient catalysts and in the elucidation of their active sites, thereby shedding light on state-of-the art preparation, functionalization, and characterization methods. The GTP mechanisms are also assessed over versatile metallic, acid, and bifunctional catalysts' surfaces to discover which C−O bond is removed and which C=C bond is formed. GTP configurations are discussed as a function of the thermodynamic and operating conditions affecting catalysts' reactivity, selectivity, and stability. They are also compared using various qualitative and quantitative criteria such as process configuration, severity of operating conditions, energy consumption, sustainability assessment, and propylene production. We thus intend to provide a broad overview of GTP catalysis for inducing new opportunities in the biorefinery-to-olefins field.

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