2006
DOI: 10.1177/0164027506289723
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A 6-Item Scale for Overall, Emotional, and Social Loneliness

Abstract: Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and pertains to the feeling of missing an intimate relationship (emotional loneliness) or missing a wider social network (social loneliness). The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness, although its length has sometimes rendered it difficult to use in large surveys. In this study, the authors empirically tested a shortened version of the scale on data fro… Show more

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Cited by 1,123 publications
(805 citation statements)
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References 30 publications
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“…The self-report question showed very high acceptability to participants with only 1 questionnaire out of 144 with this item missed. However, the de Jong Gierveld scale [21] was characterised by high levels of item non-response specifically relating to the negatively worded statements. As one participant observed, "Answering 'negative' questions can be confusing".…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The self-report question showed very high acceptability to participants with only 1 questionnaire out of 144 with this item missed. However, the de Jong Gierveld scale [21] was characterised by high levels of item non-response specifically relating to the negatively worded statements. As one participant observed, "Answering 'negative' questions can be confusing".…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thirty-four members responded and were enrolled in the study. Measures: We collected a common set of indicators across all data collection waves including: (a) two measures of loneliness -the 6-item de Jong Gierveld scale [21] and a self-report question; (b) for those who answered to the selfreport question the time/day of week they felt lonely; and (c) the season when participants felt loneliness was most problematic. In addition we asked participants to report any significant changes in their lives between data collection points.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Emotional loneliness is a very painful form of isolation. Emotional loneliness is indicated by the weak intimacy of relationships due to the lack of close emotional bonding of someone close to and associated with a sense of emptiness and anxiety (Gierveld, 2006;Galanaki & Vassilopoulou, 2007). Social loneliness leads to a mixture of rejected or unacceptable circumstances, along with the presence of boredom (Perlman & Peplau, 1981).…”
Section: Form Of Lonelinessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Hebrew adaptation [28] of the loneliness scale [29] consisted of nine statements describing social and emotional loneliness (e.g. -I miss having a really close friend.‖).…”
Section: Lonelinessmentioning
confidence: 99%