A 6-year clinical assessment of electronic facial thermography.

Gratt, Barton M.; Graff‐Radford, Steven B.; Shetty, Vivek; Solberg, William K.; Sickles, Edward A.

doi:10.1259/dmfr.25.5.9161178

Cited by 54 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to the literature, right-left thermal differences greater than 0.3 u C can define a myofascial dysfunction. 10,[12][13][14][24][25][26]36 By the evaluation of the cut-off points, the value of the conjugated gradient (DT) was higher than 0.3 u C and the normalized temperature value (Dh) was greater than 0.036. When the MTPs were separated into local and referred pain, the values of DT .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermographic and clinical correlation of myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles

Haddad¹,

Brioschi²,

Arita³

2012

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

102

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify and correlate myofascial trigger points (MTPs) in the masticatory muscles, using thermography and algometry. Methods: 26 female volunteers were recruited. The surface facial area over the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles was divided into 15 subareas on each side (n 5 780). This investigation consisted of three steps. The first step involved thermographic facial examination, using lateral views. The second step involved the pressure pain threshold (PPT), marking the MTP pattern areas for referred pain (n 5 131) and local pain (n 5 282) with a coloured pencil, and a photograph of the lateral face with the head in the same position as the infrared imaging. The last step was the fusion of these two images, using dedicated software (ReporterH 8.5-SP3 Professional Edition and QuickReportH 1.2, FLIR Systems, Wilsonville, OR); and the calculation of the temperature of each point. Results: PPT levels measured at the points of referred pain in MTPs (1.28 ¡ 0.45 kgf) were significantly lower than the points of local pain in MTPs (1.73 ¡ 0.59 kgf; p , 0.05). Infrared imaging indicated differences between referred and local pain in MTPs of 0.5 u C (p , 0.05). Analysis of the correlation between the PPT and infrared imaging was done using the Spearman non-parametric method, in which the correlations were positive and moderate (0.4 # r , 0.7). The sensitivity and specificity in MTPs were 62.5% and 71.3%, respectively, for referred pain, and 43.6% and 60.6%, respectively, for local pain. Conclusion: Infrared imaging measurements can provide a useful, non-invasive and nonionizing examination for diagnosis of MTPs in masticatory muscles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermographic and clinical correlation of myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles

Haddad¹,

Brioschi²,

Arita³

2012

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

102

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“…Many diagnoses of diseases that affect the facial region are made by imaging methods; however, conventional technique shows a lack of information as regards functional aspects, such as regional microcirculation and the autonomous nervous system. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Thermography is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method used in medicine, capable of detecting, recording and producing infrared images that reflect the microcirculatory dynamics of the skin surface of individuals in real time, comprising the vascular, nervous and musculoskeletal systems, in addition to inflammatory processes, as well as endocrine and oncological conditions. 1 In order to maintain normal thermoregulation, the neurovegetative central nervous system, by means of the hypothalamus, controls the skin blood flow in a uniform and symmetrical manner, resulting in a right/left thermal pattern that is also symmetrical.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the examination allows greater precision in thermal quantification and monitoring of the region of interest (ROI). 15,16 Various articles [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have evaluated thermographic quantitative changes in facial skin vasomotor neurovegetative activity, that is, they calculated the absolute temperature of the ROI and conjugated gradients. However, few researches have demonstrated a standardization in the protocol of descriptive evaluation of normal facial thermal distribution of human beings.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new evaluation of heat distribution on facial skin surface by infrared thermography

Haddad¹,

Brioschi²,

Baladi³

et al. 2016

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the facial areas defined by thermal gradient, in individuals compatible with the pattern of normality, and to quantify and describe them anatomically. Methods: The sample consisted of 161 volunteers, of both genders, aged between 26 and 84 years (63 ± 15 years). Results:The results demonstrated that the thermal gradient areas suggested for the study were present in at least 95% of the thermograms evaluated and that there is significant difference in temperature between the genders, racial group and variables "odontalgia", "dental prothesis" and "history of migraine" (p , 0.05). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the absolute temperatures between ages, and right and left sides of the face, in individuals compatible with the pattern of normality (DT 5 0.11°C). Conclusions: The authors concluded that according to the suggested areas of thermal gradients, these were present in at least 95% of all the thermograms evaluated, and the areas of high intensity found in the face were medial palpebral commissure, labial commissure, temporal, supratrochlear and external acoustic meatus, whereas the points of low intensity were inferior labial, lateral palpebral commissure and nasolabial.

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“…In the review we focused on selected disease categories, thereby we neglected excellent work in related areas, such as surgery follow up [257] and dentistry [258,259]. The work that was included in this study was reviewed with a special focus on feature extraction algorithms, statistical feature performance, classification and overall performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of infrared thermography in computer aided diagnosis

Faust

Acharya

et al. 2014

Infrared Physics & Technology

100

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The invention of thermography, in the 1950s, posed a formidable problem to the research community: What is the relationship between disease and heat radiation captured with Infrared (IR) cameras? The research community responded with a continuous effort to find this crucial relationship. This effort was aided by advances in processing techniques, improved sensitivity and spatial resolution of thermal sensors. However, despite this progress fundamental issues with this imaging modality still remain. The main problem is that the link between disease and heat radiation is complex and in many cases even nonlinear. Furthermore, the change in heat radiation as well as the change in radiation pattern, which indicate disease, is minute. On a technical level, this poses high requirements on image capturing and processing. On a more abstract level, these problems lead to inter-observer variability and on an even more abstract level they lead to a lack of trust in this imaging modality. In this review, we adopt the position that these problems can only be solved through a strict application of scientific principles and objective performance assessment. Computing machinery is inherently objective; this helps us to apply scientific principles in a transparent way and to assess the performance results. As a consequence, we aim to promote thermography based ComputerAided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. Another benefit of CAD systems comes from the fact that the diagnostic accuracy is linked to the capability of the computing machinery and, in general, computers become ever more potent. We predict that a pervasive application of computers and networking technology in medicine will help us to overcome the shortcomings of any single imaging modality and this will pave the way for integrated health care systems which maximize the quality of patient care.

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A 6-year clinical assessment of electronic facial thermography.

Abstract: These studies suggest that ET has promise in aiding the formation of a differential diagnosis of orofacial pain and may help in understanding mechanisms of pain as well as directing therapies.

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Thermographic and clinical correlation of myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles

Thermographic and clinical correlation of myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles

A new evaluation of heat distribution on facial skin surface by infrared thermography

Application of infrared thermography in computer aided diagnosis

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