A 60-day probiotic protocol withDietziasubsp.C79793-74prevents development of Johne's disease parameters after in utero and/or neonatalMAPinfection

Abstract

The research reported herein was designed to assess whether the bacterium, Dietzia subspecies C79793-74, used as a probiotic, could prevent development of parameters indicative of bovine paratuberculosis after potential in utero, birthing and neonatal (colostrum) exposure to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Such exposure avenues are especially relevant for dairy farms practicing good management procedures since calves on these farms could be infected via dams that have yet to be identified as MAP-positive. Indeed, of 18 calves in the present study that became paratuberculosis parameter-positive, five had dams that were negative for all parameters pre-calving. Parameters used herein to define paratuberculosis status were serum ELISA, serum agar gel immunodiffusion, cultureable fecal MAP, histopathology at necropsy and clinical disease. Thirty-four newborn calves, whose dams were paratuberculosis-positive, were assigned to four different treatment groups. Ten were treated daily for 60 days with viable Dietzia added to their antibiotic-free milk feedings; none became positive for any parameter with age. In contrast, seven of eight calves that were not treated became positive for one or more paratuberculosis-associated parameter. Sixteen calves were treated with viable Dietzia for the first two days of life; eight were then not treated further, whereas the other eight were treated an additional 58 days with Dietzia added to tetracycline-fortified milk (Dietzia is sensitive to tetracycline). In these two groups, positivity developed in five of eight and six of eight, respectively. These results indicated that (a) a daily, 60-day treatment with viable Dietzia effectively prevented development of parameters indicative of paratuberculosis and (b) this treatment, in combination with good management practices, has the potential to eradicate MAP from animals/herds, which should curtail the spread of MAP. Such results should significantly reduce human exposure to MAP, which in turn, could have relevance for the controversial role of MAP in Crohn's disease, type-1 diabetes mellitus, sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

The Johne paradigm: From detection to management to treatment

“…Symptomatic or end-stage Johne cattle on the other hand must continue Dietzia treatments for their lifetime and will benefit from short treatment intervals with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. 27,28 These findings are particularly interesting due to the fact that no adverse side effects were reported in cows receiving prolonged Dietzia treatments for up to three years. Most recent findings by Click et al have reported that it is the continued administration of a live viable bolus of Dietzia that is the causative agent of diminished MAP-associated disease parameters.…”

“…17,18,23 Reports of variability in the sensitivity of the ELISA for the diagnosis of MAP-positive sera for isolates derived from different host species is not surprising since antigen preparation is not standardized. [24][25][26] Although the current challenges discussed here have been plaguing Johne disease researchers for some time, recent events in research conducted by Click et al [26][27][28][29] shed a sense of optimism on a somewhat overwhelming subject. 29 This data shows a direct impact of Dietzia not only on the shedding of MAP bacteria in the feces but also on the disease status of the individual.…”

“…Most recent findings by Click et al have reported that it is the continued administration of a live viable bolus of Dietzia that is the causative agent of diminished MAP-associated disease parameters. 28 This conclusion was determined by a complete absence of all MAP associated disease parameters tested after a 60 d course of Dietzia as compared with a reversion to Although diagnostic detection of MAP in Johne infected cattle is an important step in the tracking and understanding of the disease, the ability to reliably assign an infected individual to a particular disease state is the first step in tracking disease progression or regression in response to a given treatment/cure. This is a task that Click et al has taken on and successfully accomplished.…”

‘Global Warming’ to Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

“…By using an evolutionarily more 'adept and inert' member of the same family to replace its 'cousin', we could be utilizing a naturally occurring method in evolutionary competition. Data for this potential therapy are based on its effectiveness as a prophylactic therapy in cattle [15]. Dietzia is a nonpathogenic micro organism used to competitively displace and inhibit MAP infection.…”

A Potential ’Curative’ Modality for Crohn’s Disease---Modeled after Prophylaxis of Bovine Johne’s Disease

“…C79793-74, when used as a probiotic had prophylactic and therapeutic benefits for Johne’s disease [11–15], a symptomatic IBD of cattle [16–19]. The primary goal of the present report is to outline how/why prophylactic benefits obtained with this bacterium could similarly curtail diarrhea of and/or cure human IBDs, with an emphasis on Crohn’s disease.…”