A 60 GHz 2×2 planar phased array with SIW modified butler matrix feed

2018

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A 4x4 substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix for two‐dimensional (2‐D) beam steering operating at 60 GHz is developed and experimentally evaluated in this article. The SIW beamforming network is a Butler matrix that is implemented with new designs of its constituent components in order to achieve a compact design. Namely, an SIW phase shifter that uses periodic rectangular slots is introduced for the first time at 60 GHz to replace the more area‐consuming meandered SIW. The phase shifter prototype, fabricated and measured as a proof of concept, demonstrates achieving an additional 20.3° of phase shift with using only 3 apertures without increasing the length or meandering the SIW line. The hybrid coupler and crossover sections of the SIW Butler matrix are also optimized to reduce the overall area of Butler matrix by 53.9%. The SIW Butler matrix prototype is fabricated and measured demonstrating achieving the differential output phase values needed to switch the beam of a 2‐D array in four quadrants while keeping the insertion loss magnitude imbalance of below 1.47 dB from simulations and 3.34 dB from measurements.

Section: Siw Butler Matrix Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a 4 × 4 substrate integrated waveguide Butler matrix at 60 GHz for two‐dimensional beam steering

Horwath

2018

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“…The state‐of‐the‐art design of SIW BM constituent blocks, that is, hybrid, crossover, and phase shifter sections, is well documented and reported in the literature . In implementing the architecture introduced in Section 2, these methodologies are used to design hybrid and crossover sections, and the periodic apertures are used to create the phase shifters of stages 2 and 4 as described in Reference .…”

Section: Design and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant prior work exists on implementing BMs in substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) technology . The move to SIW from more standard microstrip, stripline, or coplanar waveguide is essential at mm‐wave frequencies, because BM network lines are squeezed closer to feed tightly spaced (often by λ 0 /2) antenna elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fully integrated 2 × 2 planar patch antenna array with a 4 × 4 SIW BM for 2D beam switching is presented in this article. The initial design of SIW BM was introduced in Reference and the results of experimental evaluation of the SIW BM‐only prototype was reported in Reference . This article elaborates on the design of the fully integrated antenna system and evaluates its performance via simulations and measurements at 60 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and evaluation of a vertically integrated passive two‐dimensional beam switching antenna array at 60 GHz

Horwath

2019

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A millimeter-wave two-dimensional (2D) beam switching planar microstrip patch antenna array excited by a 4 × 4 substrate-integrated waveguide Butler matrix (BM) is presented in this article. The BM architecture is modified to feed the planar array in a vertically integrated multilayer design to minimize parasitic effects due to junction discontinuity and reduce the radio frequency (RF) front-end footprint. This feed architecture enables the designer to control the phased array inputs to achieve a set of beam directions in four quadrants of radiation space at a desired elevation angle. For verification of beam switching via over-the-air measurements at 60 GHz, a bench-top anechoic chamber with proper transmitter and receiver antenna positioners was designed and fabricated using in-house laboratory resources. 2D beam steering was confirmed in the intended four quadrants of radiation space at ϕ 0 = 50 , 140 , 220 , and 300 and θ 0 = 30 ± 5 , meeting the design specifications with a very good margin. Each switched beam demonstrated between 5 and 6 dBi gain at 60 GHz, which is within 1 dB deviation from the simulated results. K E Y W O R D S60 GHz antennas, butler matrix, over-the-air pattern measurement, planar-phased arrays, SIW

Miniaturized 1D beam switching and 2D printed Yagi‐Uda antenna arrays

Parthasarathy

Tjahjadi

2021

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This article presents a multi‐board arrangement of printed Yagi‐Uda antennas that can be configured into 1D and 2D arrays. First, a 1 × 4 collinear array is designed and fed with a metamaterial Butler matrix (BM) network to provide beam switching at four azimuthal directions. Slow‐wave concept is used in designing the hybrid, crossover and delay sections of BM to achieve a footprint reduction of 67%. The 1 × 4 collinear array with the feed network achieves 8.42–11.7 dBi gain and 21.7–25.7 degrees half power beam width (HPBW) in horizontal plane for the four switched beam patterns at 5.8 GHz in simulations. Second, measurement results of the fabricated 1 × 4 collinear array with its miniaturized feed network confirm a range of 22–27 degrees in HPBW in the horizontal plane. Finally, parasitic structures are designed to reduce antenna coupling and a 3‐shelf holder is proposed to stack the 1 × 2 printed Yagi antenna subarray boards in compact 2D planar array configurations. Simulations of the 2 × 4‐array demonstrate achieving 13.09 dBi peak gain at 5.8 GHz along with reduction of the HPBW by 24.7 degrees in horizontal plane in comparison with the 1 × 4‐array prototype.