A $64\times64$ SPAD Array for Portable Colorimetric Sensing, Fluorescence and X-Ray Imaging

Accarino, Claudio; Melino, Gianluca; Annese, Valerio F.; Al-Rawhani, Mohammed A.; Shah, Yash D.; Maneuski, D.; Giagkoulovits, Christos; Grant, James P.; Mitra, Srinjoy; Buttar, C. M.; Cumming, David R. S.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2916424

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Altogether, the chip demonstrated to be suitable for four different sensing techniques to be used independently or simultaneously. Future work includes the integration of additional sensing modalities into the platform [37]. We believe this platform could enable a new generation of commercial devices for low-cost, rapid and accurate diagnostics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multicorder: A Handheld Multimodal Metabolomics-on-CMOS Sensing Platform

Annese

Accarino

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)

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The use of CMOS platforms in medical point-of-care applications, by integrating all steps from sample to data output, has the potential to reduce the diagnostic cost and the time from days to seconds. Here we present the 'Multicorder' technology, a handheld versatile multimodal platform for rapid metabolites quantification. The current platform is composed of a cartridge, a reader and a graphic user interface. The sensing core of the cartridge is the CMOS chip which integrates a 16x16 array of multi-sensor elements. Each element is composed of two optical and one chemical sensor. The platform is therefore capable of performing multi-mode measurements: namely colorimetric, chemiluminescence, pH sensing and surface plasmon resonance. In addition to the reader that is employed for addressing, data digitization and transmission, a tablet computer performs data collection, visualization, analysis and storage. In this paper, we demonstrate colorimetric, chemiluminescence and pH sensing on the same platform by on-chip quantification of different metabolites in their physiological range. The platform we have developed has the potential to lead the way to a new generation of commercial devices in the footsteps of the current commercial glucometers for quick multi-metabolite quantification for both acute and chronic medicines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multicorder: A Handheld Multimodal Metabolomics-on-CMOS Sensing Platform

Annese

Accarino

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)

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“…A Matlab algorithm synchronized and read the data on a serial port and then reconstructed the data into an image with a frame rate of 1.3 fps. The imager array was characterized in previous work [22].…”

Section: B 64 X 64 Cmos-chip Spad Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ten frames were averaged in a single frame. All experiments were performed at fourteen different sample intervals for the SPADs in the array [22]. The average noise was computed only for the pixels within the aforementioned software mask.…”

Section: Imaging Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capsule Endoscopy Compatible Fluorescence Imager Demonstrated Using Bowel Cancer Tumours

et al. 2020

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We demonstrate a proof of concept highly miniaturised fluorescence imager and its application to detecting cancer in resected human colon cancer tissues. Fluorescence imaging modalities have already been successfully implemented in traditional endoscopy. However, the procedure still causes discomfort and requires sedation. Wireless fluorescence capsule endoscopy has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy with less inconvenience for patients. In this paper we present a 5 mm x 6 mm x 5 mm optical block that is small enough to integrate into a capsule endoscope. The block integrates ultrathin filters for optical isolation and was successfully integrated with a sensitive CMOS SPAD array to detect green fluorescence from Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), which is an endogenous fluorophore responsible for autofluorescence in human tissues, and fluorescence from the cancer selective molecular probe ProteoGREEN TM-gGlu used to label colorectal cancer cells. In vitro studies were validated using a commercial Modulus TM Microplate reader. The potential use of the device in capsule endoscopy was further validated by imaging healthy and malignant resected human tissues from the colon to detect changes in autofluorescence signal that are crucial for cancer diagnosis.

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“…With the continuous progress of CMOS technology, the performance of silicon-based SPAD devices is gradually improved, and high-performance SPAD devices can significantly improve various performance indicators of the system. Therefore, it is of great significance to design high-performance SPAD devices [1]- [3]. Jahromi, S et al analyzed the crosstalk problem in SPAD arrays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Measurement of Ring-Gate Single Photon Avalanche Diode with Low Dark Count Rate

et al. 2020

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Single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) based on avalanche effect have been widely used in the detection of extremely weak light signals. Conventional SPAD devices manufactured with silicon-based CMOS technology have a high dark count rate (DCR), making it difficult to accurately detect single photon signals. This paper proposes a low dark count rate ring-gate SPAD (RG-SPAD) to solve above problems, and compares RG-SPAD with conventional SPAD (C-SPAD) and conventional dummy-gate SPAD (CDG-SPAD). Slivaco-Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) performs two-dimensional simulation of the device to verify the basic principles of SPAD. Three types of SPAD device are manufactured by standard BCD process. The passive quenching circuit is built to obtain the DCR of SPAD devices. The avalanche breakdown voltages of C-SPAD, CDG-SPAD and RG-SPAD are 11.55 V, 11.85 V and 11.4 V respectively. In order to test the dark count rate of SPAD devices, an over-bias voltage of 1 V was applied to three types of SPAD device under the same size condition (temperature: 22°C). The DCR of RG-SPAD (186 Hz) with ring-gate structure is significantly lower than CDG-SPAD (378 Hz) with conventional dummy-gate structure and C-SPAD (498 Hz) with conventional structure. When the room temperature dropped to 18°C, RG-SPAD still maintained the lowest DCR (148 Hz) among three types of device structure.

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A $64\times64$ SPAD Array for Portable Colorimetric Sensing, Fluorescence and X-Ray Imaging

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

The Multicorder: A Handheld Multimodal Metabolomics-on-CMOS Sensing Platform

The Multicorder: A Handheld Multimodal Metabolomics-on-CMOS Sensing Platform

Capsule Endoscopy Compatible Fluorescence Imager Demonstrated Using Bowel Cancer Tumours

Design and Measurement of Ring-Gate Single Photon Avalanche Diode with Low Dark Count Rate

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