A 7 Minute Neurocognitive Screening Battery Highly Sensitive to Alzheimer's Disease

Solomon, Paul R.; Hirschoff, Aliina; Kelly, Barbara; Relin, Mahri; Brush, Michael; DeVeaux, Richard D.; Pendlebury, William W.

doi:10.1001/archneur.55.3.349

Cited by 373 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This may be contributing to the shift away from it and towards the CDT and other cognitive screens. The CDT can now be found as a part of several more recently developed and validated cognitive assessments: (a) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Nasreddine et al, 2005), (b) the MiniCog (Borson et al, 2000) (c) the 7 Minute Screen (Solomon et al, 1998), and (d) the Kaplan-Baycrest Neurocognitive Assessment (Leach et al, 2000).…”

Section: Usage Of the Clock Drawing Test By Clinicians And Researchermentioning

confidence: 99%

The test of time: a history of clock drawing

Hazan

Frankenburg

Brenkel

et al. 2017

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objective: The clock drawing test (CDT) has become one of the most widely used cognitive screening instruments in clinical and research settings. Its effectiveness, acceptability, and quick and easy administration have made it a staple for cognitive screening in dementia and a wide range of brain disorders. Despite a spike in popularity since the 1990s, its origins are relatively unknown. The goal of this review is to chronicle its saga and chart its usage over time. Methods: PsycInfo, Medline, and PubMed literature searches were performed from earliest record to June 2016, in addition to manual cross-referencing of bibliographies, with a focus before 1990. Summary of relevant articles and books up until 1989 is included, as well as clinical applications and surveys that track CDT usage over time. Results: While MacDonald Critchley's well-known textbook from 1953, The Parietal Lobes, is often cited as the first mention of the CDT, its recorded use actually stretches back more than a century to 1915. A review of the literature shows that the CDT began as a test for aphasia-related disorders and constructional apraxia until its entry into contemporary cognitive screening in the 1980s when it primarily became a cognitive screen. Its usage took off in 1989 with over 2000 publications since. Conclusions: Despite a fairly obscure existence for decades, the CDT has emerged as an effective and ideal cognitive screening instrument for a wide range of conditions. Its use continues to increase, and it has been incorporated into several widely used cognitive screening batteries.

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Section: Usage Of the Clock Drawing Test By Clinicians And Researchermentioning

confidence: 99%

The test of time: a history of clock drawing

Hazan

Frankenburg

Brenkel

et al. 2017

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…CDT 2 is a simple copying task also affected by gross motor function. Thus, while CDT 1 reflects overall executive function in clock drawing performance, CDT 2 helps to differentiate it from contribution due to visuospatial praxis [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Analysis of CDT was done on a scale of 0-6 as described by Shua et al [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early diagnosis of cognitive deficits in primary degenerative dementia facilitates planning (e.g. execution of will, precautions and advanced directives) while the patient is still capable of taking important decisions [5]. Besides Alzheimer's, various neurological diseases are also known to affect cognition e.g.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Cognitive Impairment: Role of Clock Drawing Test

Mittal

Gorthi

Rohatgi

2010

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Background: Folstein's Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) often fails to identify executive dysfunction even if quite severe. Detailed neuropsychological tests and extensive bedside tests are available to evaluate executive function, but most of them are time consuming. This study was done to determine the value of a Clock Drawing Test (CDT) as a simple tool to identify cognitive dysfunction in various neurological disorders and to assess its utility as an adjunct to MMSE in identifying executive dysfunction in a a busy out patient department (OPD). Methods: A total of 81 patients suffering from neurological disorders and 81 controls were studied. All subjects received the MMSE and the CDT. The CDT is divided into an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive control (CDT 1) and a copying task which is not (CDT 2). Result: All the three tests (CDT 1, CDT 2 and MMSE) could recognize cognitive and executive function deficits, when compared with age and sex matched controls (p < 0. 001). CDT scores correlated strongly with the level of executive function deficits. CDT+MMSE detected 95% cases as abnormal as compared to 47% detected by MMSE alone. Conclusion: CDT along with MMSE can detect executive control deficits and cognitive deficits. The CDT 1 tests executive control performance, while CDT 2 tests posterior cortical deficits. MJAFI 2010; 66 : 25-28

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“…Most of these have concentrated on quantitative scoring of short-term memory, 117 or use of clock drawing tasks. 118,119 A "seven minute screen" for dementia was published by Solomon and colleagues, 120 with the claim that this short battery (including a test of time orientation,) is 100% sensitive and specific in diagnosing dementia. While intriguing in its simplicity, the battery erroneously labels many MCI individuals as already being demented.…”

Section: Suppl 1 -S 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Suspected Dementia

Chertkow

Bergman

Schipper

et al. 2001

Can. J. Neurol. Sci.

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At the Second Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia (CCCD) (February, 1998), a group of neurologists, geriatricians, and psychiatrists met to consider guidelines for evaluation of dementia in Canada. This review paper formed a background paper for their discussion of dementia diagnosis. These experts from across the country concluded that diagnosis of suspected dementia cases continued to rest on skilled clinical assessment. Mental status exam, preferably in some quantifiable form, has become an essential part of the assessment. Selected laboratory tests are advisable in all cases (CBC, TSH, electrolytes, calcium, and glucose), but the CCCD continued to advise that CT scanning was mandatory only in selected cases where clinical findings pointed to another possibility besides Alzheimer’s disease. The growing list of other diagnostic measures with potential usefulness in diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia in general was reviewed, but the evidence was judged as insufficient to support routine use of these tests by physicians. As new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease become available, neurologists face new diagnostic challenges - differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frontotemporal dementias and Mixed dementias, and Lewy Body Dementia. Guidelines to aid in differential diagnosis are presented.

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A 7 Minute Neurocognitive Screening Battery Highly Sensitive to Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 373 publications

References 34 publications

The test of time: a history of clock drawing

The test of time: a history of clock drawing

Early Cognitive Impairment: Role of Clock Drawing Test

Assessment of Suspected Dementia

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