A 90,000–200,000 yrs marine tephra record of Italian volcanic activity in the Central Mediterranean Sea

Paterne, Martine; Guichard, F.; Duplessy, Jean‐Claude; Siani, Giuseppe; Sulpizio, Roberto; Labeyrie, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.11.028

Cited by 98 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…In the central and eastern Mediterranean, recognition of such tephra layers and their correlation to known eruptive events is an area of active research for improving the tephrostratigraphy of marine and lacustrine sequences in a mid-latitudinal region where the climatic signal is amplified by marked seasonal effects and a semi-closed oceanic circulation (Hilgen et al, 1993;Paterne et al, 2008;Wulf et al, 2004Wulf et al, , 2008Turney et al, 2008;Zanchetta et al, 2008;Aksu et al, 2008). While recent progress has been achieved in dating such tephras by 14 C bracketing (Siani et al, 2001(Siani et al, , 2004Lowe et al, 2007;Blockley et al, 2102), absolute age constraints remain relatively scarce for tephra beds lying beyond the reach of the radiocarbon timescale (Smith et al, 1996;van den Bogaard et al, 1999;Ton-That et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, Pleistocene tephras older than 20 ka are commonly dated by correlation with the marine ! 18 O isotope stratigraphy (Keller et al, 1978;Thunell et al, 1979;Paterne et al, 1986Paterne et al, , 1988Paterne et al, , 2008 or multi-proxy phase-fitting insolation chronologies of orbitally-driven depositional sequences (e.g., Lourens, 2004;Piva et al, 2008), providing in such instances no independent control on orbitally-tuned age models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Millennial-scale phase relationships between ice-core and Mediterranean marine records: insights from high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Green Tuff of Pantelleria, Sicily Strait

Scaillet

Vita-Scaillet

Rotolo

2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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International audienceWith the advent of annually-resolved polar ice records extending back to 70 ka, marine and continental paleoclimate studies have now matured into a discipline where high-quality age control is essential for putting on an equal pace layer-counted timescale models and Late Quaternary sedimentary records. High-resolution U-Th dating of speleothem records and 40Ar/39Ar dating of globally recorded geomagnetic excursions have recently improved the time calibration of Quaternary archives, reflecting the cross-disciplinary effort made to synchronize the geologic record at the millennial scale. Yet, tie-points with such an absolute age control remain scarce for paleoclimatic time-series extending beyond the radiocarbon timescale, most notably in the marine record. Far-travelled tephra layers recorded both onland and offshore provide an alternative in such instance to synchronize continental and marine archives via high-resolution 40Ar/39Ar dating of the parent volcanic eruption. High-resolution 40Ar/39Ar data are reported herein for one such volcanic marker, the Green Tuff of Pantelleria and its Y-6 tephra equivalent recorded throughout the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. Published radiochronometric and δ18O orbitally-tied ages for this marker horizon scatter widely from about 41 ka up to 56 ka. Our new 40Ar/39Ar age at 45.7 ± 1.0 ka (2σ) reveals that previous estimates are biased by more than their reported errors would suggest, including recent orbital tuning of marine records hosting the tephra bed that are reevaluated in the context of this study. This improved estimate enables potential phase lags and leads to be studied between deep-sea and terrestrial archives with unrivaled (near-millennial) 40Ar/39Ar precision in the marine record

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millennial-scale phase relationships between ice-core and Mediterranean marine records: insights from high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Green Tuff of Pantelleria, Sicily Strait

Scaillet

Vita-Scaillet

Rotolo

2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Deposits from large explosive eruptions are commonly preserved in deep sea cores, which provide a high-resolution record of volcanism (e.g. Keller et al 1978;Paterne et al 1988Paterne et al , 1990Paterne et al , 2008. In addition, there is increasing potential for understanding distal dynamics using cryptotephra (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical characteristics of tephra layers in the deep sea realm: the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption

Engwell

Sparks

Carey

2014

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Tephra deposits in the deep sea can survive undisturbed for long periods of time and, on regional scales, tend to be much better preserved than their subaerial counterparts. In this study, grain size distributions and thicknesses of tephra deposits from the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption (39 000 yr BP; magnitude c. 7.7) preserved in thirty-three deep sea cores are analysed to infer key eruption parameters. Distal deep sea tephra thickness data show an exponential decrease with distance from source. Such trends are difficult to identify in distal subaerial data owing to reworking and limited exposure. We find that tephra grain size distributions are much less affected by depositional environment than thickness, with trends that are consistent across distal subaerial, lacustrine and deep sea environments. The CI layer exhibits bimodal grain size distributions to distances of c. 1000 km, after which it becomes unimodal. Such trends can be related to different mechanisms of tephra transport in the atmosphere, whereby at proximal to medial distances the Plinian and co-ignimbrite phases produce distinct plumes. Within 150 and 900 km from source, Plinian tephra constitutes 40 + 5% of the deposit volume. Beyond this region where coarse particles are deposited, the plumes merge and fines derived largely from co-ignimbrite elutriation are spread in the atmosphere at velocities greater than the settling velocities of the particles.

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“…The only known source with mainly alkaline volcanism in the surrounding of Lake Prespa are the volcanic districts of the Italian Peninsula, which also would match with predominant westerly winds in the region. Volcanic products of the Aegean area (e.g., Greece, Santorini) and Central Anatolia (e.g., Turkey) show mainly calc-alkaline affinity (e.g., Keller et al, 1990;Druitt et al, 1995;Paterne et al, 2008) and those of Germany (Eifel volcanic district) and France (Massif Central) have never been recorded close to the study area (e.g., Van den Bogaard, 1995;Schmincke et al, 1999;Walter-Simonnet et al, 2008;Riede et al, 2011). Traces of the Vedde Ash from Iceland were recently found in the Lake Bled, Slovenia (Lane et al, 2011a), but not yet on the Balkan Peninsula.…”

Section: Discussion and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the geochemical correlation of PT0915-11 to the few described Etnean distal tephra deposits (e.g., Keller et al, 1978;Paterne et al, 1988Paterne et al, , 2008Wulf et al, 2004;Wagner et al, 2008;Sulpizio et al, 2009;) is obvious, its stratigraphic position between Y-6 and the ESR-dated shell layer (73 570 ± 7740 yr; Table 1) does not allow a chronological correlation with known distal deposits (Fig. 4j).…”

Section: Pt0915-11/etnamentioning

confidence: 94%

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

et al. 2013

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A detailed tephrostratigraphic record, which dates back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b (ca. 91 kyr), has been established from a 17.76 m long core (Co1215) from Lake Prespa (Macedonia, Albania and Greece). A total of eleven tephra and cryptotephra layers (PT0915-1 to PT0915-11) were identified, using XRF scanning, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and macro- and microscopic inspection of the sediments. The major element composition of glass shards and/or micro-pumice fragments indicates that the tephras and cryptotephras originate from the explosive volcanism of Italy. Eight tephra and cryptotephra layers were correlated with specific volcanic eruptions: the AD 512 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (1438 cal yr BP), the Mercato eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (8890 ± 90 cal yr BP), the Tufi Biancastri/LN1-LN2 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (14 749 ± 523 cal yr BP and 15 551 ± 621 cal yr BP), the SMP1-e/Y-3 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (30 000-31 000 cal yr BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (39 280 ± 110 cal yr BP), the SMP1-a event of Ischia Island (around 44 000 cal yr BP) and the Green Tuff/Y-6 eruption of Pantelleria Island (around 45 000 cal yr BP). One tephra could be attributed to the volcanic activity of Mount Etna, but probably represents an unknown eruption at ca. 60 000 cal yr BP. Cryptotephras PT0915-6 and PT0915-10 remain unclassified so far, but according to the presented age-depth model these would have been deposited around 35 000 and 48 500 cal yr BP, respectively. Some of the tephras and cryptotephras are recognised for the first time in the Balkan region. The tephrostratigraphic work provides important information about ash dispersal and explosion patterns of source volcanoes and can be used to correlate and date geographically distant paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives in the central Mediterranean region. Moreover, the tephrostratigraphic work in combination with radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating is a precondition for paleoclimatic reconstructions inferred from the sediment succession Co1215

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A 90,000–200,000 yrs marine tephra record of Italian volcanic activity in the Central Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 98 publications

References 56 publications

Millennial-scale phase relationships between ice-core and Mediterranean marine records: insights from high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Green Tuff of Pantelleria, Sicily Strait

Millennial-scale phase relationships between ice-core and Mediterranean marine records: insights from high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Green Tuff of Pantelleria, Sicily Strait

Physical characteristics of tephra layers in the deep sea realm: the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

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