α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Common Traditional Medicinal Plants Used for Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Inhibition of α-glucosiase and the associated reduction of glucose absorption is an attractive approach for decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia and for the discovery of potent antidiabetic agents. One of the most important sources of potential α-glucosiase inhibitors represents the class of polyphenols. This paper aims to evaluate previous herbal polyphenol-rich extracts plan on the management of diabetes mellitus, to address their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Polyphenol-rich extracts from thirteen widely used traditionally anti-diabetic plants in Asia and Mediterranean regions were evaluated for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among these evaluated plants, 10 were much stronger than that of acarbose standard. Punica granatum manifested the highest inhibitory activity with IC 50 at 3.59 ± 0.11 µg/mL, followed by Psidium guajava with IC 50 at 8.08 ± 0.10 µg/mL and Cinnamomum zeylanicum with IC 50 at 9.87.08 ± 0.14 µg/mLA. A high correlation (r=0.65, p<0.001) was observed between α-glucosidase inhibition and total phenolic content of all plants. Punica granatum, P. guajava, C. zeylanicum and Ziziphus spina-christi had also the highest total phenolic content. Extracts for the above studied plant species may potentially replace acarbose in its current clinical use in improving post-prandial glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics. As a result, these polyphenol-rich extracts potentially offer a complementary approach to develop functional food and potential antidiabetic agents.

Salvia elegans, Salvia greggii and Salvia officinalis Decoctions: Antioxidant Activities and Inhibition of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolic Enzymes

“…Hence, our results suggest that the decoctions of S. elegans , S. officinalis , and S. greggii could serve as natural antidiabetic and anti-obesity agents to help in the control of glucose levels through the control of α-glucosidase activity. This hypothesis is also consistent with previous studies that reported identical results for polar extracts of Salvia against this enzyme, e.g., hydroethanolic extracts of S. officinalis (EC 50 value of 69.7 µg/mL) [47] and methanolic extracts of Salvia acetabulosa, S. nemorosa , and Salvia chloroleuca (EC 50 = 76.9 µg/mL, EC 50 = 19 µg/mL and EC 50 = 13.3 µg/mL, respectively) [35,48,49]. In vivo experiments have even demonstrated that the administration of a daily dose of S. officinalis methanolic extracts (500 mg/kg body weight) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats caused the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity comparable to that of the administration of acarbose (20 mg/kg bw) [45].…”

Nutraceutical Potential of Five Mexican Brown Seaweeds

“…Liberated glucose is absorbed from the intestine and contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia. Glycosidase inhibitors prevent or delay the hydrolysis or absorption of carbohydrates and reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, making such inhibitors useful in the management of type 2 diabetes [3,5]. us, antidiabetic therapies that limit the postprandial increase of blood glucose levels after a mixed carbohydrate diet, such as the use of glycosidase inhibitors, are particularly relevant in diabetes prevention and control [6,7].…”

“…Lim et al[73];2 Park et al[74];3 Yee et al[75];4 Kannan [76];5 Shekhar et al[77];6 Guo and Zhang[78]; 7 D'Souza et al[79].BioMed Research International 9…”

Modulatory effect of pigeon pea‐wheat biscuits on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation level, α‐glucosidase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities in type‐2 diabetic patients

“…Butyrylcholinesterase is a nonspecific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses many different choline-based esters. This assay could be used as a liver function test, as both hypercholesterolemia and hypocholesterolemia indicate pathological processes (Hamza et al, 2015).…”