A agência a partir da Teoria Ator-Rede: reflexões e contribuições para as pesquisas em administração

Abstract

ATeoria Ator-Rede (TAR) provoca os leitores a desenvolverem diferentes olhares, a partir da redefinição da noção de social, que retorna às suas raízes, possibilitando novamente o estabelecimento de conexões. Para Latour (2005), a sociedade, longe de ser o contexto no qual todas as coisas são enquadradas, é interpretada como um dos inúmeros elementos que se conectam e, assim, para Law (1992), é provável que a maior parte de nossas relações seja mediada pela materialidade. O que seria das organizações se não fosse a presença da materialidade? Dentre as várias noções e conceitos abordados pela TAR, optamos por debater a noção de agência dos atores (actantes), que busca a não dicotomização entre os elementos humanos e não humanos. Nosso propósito é identificar e discutir contribuições da TAR para os estudos organizacionais no que se refere à agência relacionada ao não humano, sem menosprezar o humano e com um olhar atento às relações. Assim, a forma que encontramos para "mostrar a agência dos não humanos" foi evidenciar (por meio das descrições e análises de pesquisa) suas relações com os humanos e o quanto essas relações constituem um ao outro, por meio de trechos de dois estudos desenvolvidos no campo da administração. A TAR ajuda, portanto, a atribuir as ações a um número maior de actantes. Discutir questões sobre agência está diretamente relacionado ao estabelecimento de conexões que a TAR preconiza. É nas conexões de elementos heterogêneos que a agência torna-se "capturável" ao pesquisador.Palavras-chave: Agência. Não humanos. Teoria Ator-Rede. AbstractT he Actor-Network Theory (ANT) leads readers to develop different looks, from the redefinition of the notion of social, which returns to its roots, again allowing the establishment of connections. For Latour (2005) society, far from the context in which all things are framed, is interpreted as one of several elements that connect. It is likely claims Law (1992), most of our relations is mediated by the materiality. What organizations would be if not for the presence of materiality? Among the several notions and concepts covered by the ANT, we chose to discuss * Doutoranda

The actor-network theory as a method in the analysis of Samarco disaster in Brazil

“…The purpose of ANT is not to indicate which elementwhether human or non-humanhas greater importance in the network. This importance is relative, transient and depends on the arrangement of relationships established in certain circumstances (Camillis et al, 2013). The fundamental thing is to observe collective arrangements and not the actors isolated since the material and the social are jointly produced: "when we look at the social, we are also looking at the production of materiality.…”

“…A social element can act, even if it is not physically present in the scene, for the action is distributed, multiplied and displaced. It is not limited to a specific location; it derives from the actors, wherever they may be (Camillis et al, 2013). This agency idea is criticized from the dynamics between agency and structure.…”

“…Different from this perspective, in ANT, it does not make sense to say that the agency determines the structure or vice versa, since micro and macro are produced in daily activities as consequences of the actors' network articulation. Instead of seeking to understand whether the structure is determined by the agency or the other way around, ANT and After (expression created by Hassard and Law (1999) to provide a better understanding about the theory) endeavors to understand how the network of relations establishes micro and macro spaces (Alcadipani and Hassard, 2010;Camillis et al, 2013).…”

The Multiple Tensions of Organizational Hybridism: A Look at the Translation Perspective and Open Strategy in a Social Enterprise

“…In the actor-network theory (ANT) approach, the word translation takes on the particular meaning of "a relationship that does not transport causality, but induces two mediators to exist" (Latour, 2005, p. 108). Translation makes it possible to reach a simple but also fundamental explanation of how some manage to have the right to express themselves and represent many silent actors in the social and natural worlds that they mobilize (Callon, 1986;Camillis, Bussular, & Antonello, 2016).…”

Computerization of primary health care in Brazil: the network of actors

“…Indeed, for a strategy that aims to computerize the entire PHC service to be successful, it needs to go beyond technical attributes per se. One needs to think in terms of sociotechnical relations as a network of human or nonhuman actors, at a given time and place (5) . In order to understand these sociotechnical relations, which underlie the e-SUS AB strategy, the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is presented as an appropriate theoretical referential (6) -also applicable in the context of health and nursing (7) .…”