A arte da enfermagem na visão do discente: um encontro com Scheler

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: compreender no discurso do discente o valor útil e discuti-lo à luz de alguns pressupostos de Max Scheler. Método: estudo qualitativo, tipo descritivo-exploratório, com enfoque fenomenológico. Amostra por conveniência, tendo participação de dez discentes matriculados no 5º ano do curso. Dados obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais e não estruturadas; material organizado e analisado pela técnica da hermenêutica Diltheyniana, permitindo desvelar o sentido das falas. Resultado: o valor útil foi manifesto na práxis assistencial-pedagógica a partir do emprego da arte da Enfermagem. Emergiram no discurso duas categorias para análise: o valor útil e sua expressão pela arte da Enfermagem; o valor útil e seu favorecimento para o despertar da simpatia. Conclusão: foi possível compreender no discurso do discente o valor útil, para ele ‘estar ao lado do paciente’, ‘querer ajudar’, ‘escutar’, ‘assentar ao lado’ são ações que dão ao cuidado de enfermagem sua correição e devem estar aliados ao uso da técnica. O discente re-hierarquizou sua escala valorativa perante a da profissão e reconheceu a simpatia como fundante para o cuidado de enfermagem. Descritores: Enfermagem; Cultura; Valor social; Filosofia; Educação; Educação em Enfermagem.ABSTRACTObjective: to understand the useful value of the speech of the student and to discuss it based on some assumptions of Max Scheler. Method: this is a qualitative study, descriptive-exploratory type, with a phenomenological approach. The sample was for convenience, with the participation of ten students enrolled in the 5th grade of the course. Data were obtained through individual and unstructured interviews; the material was organized and analyzed by the technique of Diltheynian hermeneutics that allowed revealing the meaning of the speeches. Result: the useful value was evident in the pedagogical-assistance praxis from the use of the art of Nursing. Two categories emerged in the discourses for analysis: useful value and its expression by the art of Nursing; the useful value and it's favoring for the awakening of sympathy. Conclusion: it was possible to understand the useful value in the discourse of the student, for him to be 'beside the patient', 'to help', 'to listen', 'to sit next to', as actions that give nursing care its correctness and must be associated with the use of the technique. The student re-hierarchized his value scale in front of the profession and recognized the sympathy as founder for nursing care. Descriptors: Nursing; Culture; Social values; Philosophy; Education; Education Nursing.RESUMENObjetivo: comprender en el discurso del discente, el valor útil y discutirlo basado en algunos presupuestos de Max Scheler. Método: estudio cualitativo, tipo descriptivo-exploratorio, con enfoque fenomenológico. La muestra fue por conveniencia, teniendo participación de diez discentes matriculados en el 5º año del curso. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas individuales y no estructuradas; el material fue organizado y analizado por la técnica de la hermenéutica Diltheyniana, permitiendo desvelar el sentido de los discursos. Resultado: el valor útil fue manifestado en la práctica asistencial-pedagógica a partir del empleo del arte de la Enfermería. Surgieron en el discurso dos categorías para análisis: el valor útil y su expresión por el arte de la Enfermería; el valor útil y su favorecimiento para el despertar de la simpatía. Conclusión: fue posible comprender en el discurso del discente, el valor útil, para él ‘estar al lado del paciente’, ‘querer ayudar’, ‘escuchar’, ‘sentar a su lado’, son acciones que dan al cuidado de enfermería su corrección y deben estar aliadas al uso de la técnica. El discente re-jerarquizó su escala valorativa frente a la de la profesión y reconoció la simpatía como fundante para el cuidado de enfermería. Descriptores: Enfermería; Cultura; Valores Sociales; Filosofía; Educación; Educación en Enfermería.

Humanized childbirth: the values of health professionals in daily obstetric care

“…A highlight of these changes in practices and knowledge is related to the influence of proposals made by public policies, such as the NHP and, especially, the Estratégia Rede Cegonha [Stork Network Strategy], which reaffirm the vital value of childbirth (24) , supported by the recognition of the centrality of the physiological processes. Thus, vital values constitute the basis of professional practice, guided by the value of life, with well-being and safety as milestones for achieving the fullness of healthy life (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) . It is worth emphasizing that the value of sensitivity, correspondent to well-being, is significantly interpreted by health professionals in the field of the centrality of the physiological processes of childbirth and is in line with the humanized model.…”

“…Women undergo numerous obstetric procedures, such as episiotomy, Kristeller's maneuver, medicalization of oxytocics, trichotomy, enema, in addition to the cesarean epidemic in the country (2,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) . Studies point to obstacles in the organizational structure of work management and professional attitudes, which are sometimes discriminatory, prejudiced, violent and inconsistent with good practices in childbirth care and with evidence-based practice (8,(12)(13)(14) , going against the biopsychosocial needs of women and their care values (4)(5)(6)(15)(16)(17)(18) .…”

“…Therefore, the movement for the humanization of childbirth has expanded public health policies in the reproductive field since the 2000s to qualify maternal and childcare and provide dignified and respectful care for women, encouraging their autonomy and protagonism, guaranteeing their sexual, reproductive, and human rights, as well as their values (3)(4)(5)(6)(15)(16)(17)(18) . This movement enabled a line of interventions consistent with Goal 5 (Improving maternal health) of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); and currently with Goal 3 (Health and well-being) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).…”

“…Among these interventions is the creation of public policies such as: Programa de Humanização no Pré-natal e Nascimento [Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program] (PBHP) (10) ; Política Nacional de Humanização [National Humanization Policy] (NHP) (19)(20) ; Estratégia Rede Cegonha [Stork Network Strategy] (11,20) ; in addition to the new MH's National Guidelines for Assistance to Normal Childbirth (21) . Such policies promoted accessibility and resoluteness; expansion of obstetric care; construction/renovation of units; training/alteration of professional conduct; reorganization of the work process with an emphasis on the collaborative model of a multidisciplinary team; encouragement of normal/natural/physiological childbirth; and reduction of obstetric interventions (22) , with the valuation of subjectivity, individuality of care and of women's values and expectations (3)(4)(5)(6)(15)(16)(17)(18) .…”

“…The study emerged based on experiences in the environment of obstetric care and assumed the content of positive values arising from the humanization process, in which the limitation of studies relating obstetric care to the theoretical framework in question was perceived; these mostly addressed the values of breastfeeding and education (4,6,(15)(16)(17) . Therefore, it was necessary to investigate this field of women' s care.…”