A Bacitracin-negative Mutant of Bacillus licheniformis Which is Able to Sporulate

Haavik, H. I.; Thomassen, Sedsel Fretheim

doi:10.1099/00221287-76-2-451

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Synthesis of peptide antibiotics usually starts at the end of exponential growth, reaching maximum concentration after cell growth has ceased (Bodanzky and Perlman, 1969). It has been suggested that many microorganisms can synthesize antibiotics while in growth phase (Haavik and Thomassen, 1973;Barr, 1975;Haavik, 1976), which is in agreement with production kinetics in mutant strain M40. The factor triggering the onset of antibiotic synthesis is more likely the exhaustion of a limiting nutrient required for cell growth.…”

Section: Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 67%

Genomic variability in Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese assessed by microsatellite and non-radioactive AFLP test

Vignani¹,

Scali²,

Masi³

et al. 2002

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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The use of microorganisms for biological purposes has become an effective alternative to control plant pathogens. There are many examples of formulations using bacterial or fungal strains with biocontrol applications. Among them, members of the genus Bacillus are well known antibiotic producers. However, the increased capacity of antibiotic production obtained by direct mutagenesis of wild strains, has seldom been reported in the open literature. This research refers to the mutation of the A47 Bacillus strain, a plant pathogen antagonist, in order to obtain an improved strain with enhanced capacity to synthesize metabolites with antibiotic activity. The mutant strain M40 was obtained using the mutagenic agent acridine orange. The mutant strain showed a higher antagonistic activity than the wild type A47 against the plant pathogen Botritys cinerea (grey mould), Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt) and Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora (bacterial soft rot). The final objective was to isolate the antibiotic metabolite produced by the M40 strain and to determine its chemical and antibiotic properties. The results revealed the presence of an extracellular, thermostable and methanol-soluble metabolite that absorbed light at 212nm. These characteristics are similar to those described for cyclic antibiotic lipopeptides such as iturins.

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Section: Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 67%

Genomic variability in Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese assessed by microsatellite and non-radioactive AFLP test

Vignani¹,

Scali²,

Masi³

et al. 2002

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Polypeptide antibiotics are usually produced in association with sporulation in bacilli (22,23), and sporulation appears to be controlled by catabolite repression (24). Although evidence is accumulating that the relationship between antibiotic formation and sporulation is not an obligatory one (3,(10)(11)(12)21), both processes could be regulated by the same metabolic controls. As we found in all of our defined media experiments, inositol was a poorer carbon source than glycerol and fructose and thus we would expect it to be less repressive or not repressive at all.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, the Producer of Gramicidin S

Vandamme

Demain

1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The nutrition of the gramicidin S (GS) producer Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 was studied with respect to growth and antibiotic production. In a complex medium containing yeast extract and peptone, only glycerol, 1)-fructose, and meso-inositol contributed to growth, whereas other hexoses, pentoses, polyols, polysaccharides, and organic acids were inactive. Glycerol and fructose were inhibitory to GS formation; inositol had no effect. In chemically defined media containing a mixture of five amino acids (glutamine, methionine, proline, arginine, and histidine) necessary for good growth, again only glycerol, ]-fructose, and meso-inositol served as effective carbon sources for growth. With respect to antibiotic formation, inositol was much poorer than glycerol or fructose. In the presence of glycerol and the five amino acids, addition of 0.1% Lphenylalanine specifically stimulated GS production. Growth kinetics in this defined medium showed two phases: early and rapid growth at the expense ofthe amino acid mixture, followed by glycerol utilization after a diauxic lag of 2 to 3 h; inositol utilization suffered a much longer lag period. GS formation was initiated after the diauxic lag. Ammonium sulfate was the best individual nitrogen source, but the combination of the five growth-stimulatory amino acids was more potent for GS production. The level of potassium phosphate influenced GS production. High levels stimulated the growth rate but progressively inhibited GS production. Methionine was the best sulfur source. A defined medium (F3/6) that supported rapid exponential growth (, = 0.53 h-') followed by progressively slower growth over a 30-to 40-h period was devised containing fructose, six amino acids, and mineral salts. GS formation was initiated as the cells left the exponential growth phase and reached high levels (1,500 mg of GS per liter; 0.19 mg of GS/mg of dry cell weight) after 40 to 50 h of incubation.The biosynthesis of the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic gramicidin S (GS) by certain strains of Bacillus brevis has been the subject of extensive research in the last decade (15,16,18). These studies have led to the discovery of a nonribosomal process for peptide biosynthesis. GS, which consists of two identical pentapeptides (DPhe-LPro-LVal-LOrn-LLeu), is synthesized by two enzymes in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and Mg2+. Synthetase II (molecular weight, 100,000) activates and racemizes L-phenylalanine, whereas synthetase I (molecular weight, 280,000) activates L-proline, L-valine, L-ornithine, and ileucine. In sequence, each amino acid is translocated from its I Contribution no.

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“…Most of the metabolites produced by Bacillus sp. having less than 2000 Da molecular weight and sharing general amino acid sequence composed of 7 amino acids and generally has β-amino fatty acid in the peptide linkage (Haavik and Thomassen, 1973;Vanittanakom et al, 1989). These lipopeptides are synthesized by large multi enzyme complexes instead of ribosome synthesis manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antagonistic activities of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis against wood-staining fungi: In vitro and in vivo experiments

et al. 2009

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The antifungal activity of bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis EF 617317 and B. licheniformis EF 617325 was demonstrated against sapstaining fungal cultures Ophiostoma flexuosum, O. tetropii, O. polonicum, and O. ips in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The crude active supernatant fractions of 7 days old B. subtilis and B. licheniformis cultures inhibited the growth of sapstaining fungi in laboratory experiments. Thermostability and pH stability of crude supernatants were determined by series of experiments. FT-IR analysis was performed to confirm the surface structural groups of lipoproteins present in the crude active supernatant. Partial purification of lipopeptides present in the crude supernatant was done by using Cellulose anion exchange chromatography and followed by Sephadex gel filtration chromatography. Partially purified compounds significantly inhibited the sapstaining fungal growth by in vitro analysis. The lipopeptides responsible for antifungal activity were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after partial purification by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Four major ion peaks were identified as m/z 1023, 1038, 1060, and 1081 in B. licheniformis and 3 major ion peaks were identified as m/z 1036, 1058, and 1090 in B. subtilis. In conclusion, the partially purified lipopeptides may belong to surfactin and iturin family. In vivo analysis for antifungal activity of lipopeptides on wood was conducted in laboratory. In addition, the potential of extracts for fungal inhibition on surface and internal part of wood samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.

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A Bacitracin-negative Mutant of Bacillus licheniformis Which is Able to Sporulate

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Genomic variability in Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese assessed by microsatellite and non-radioactive AFLP test

Genomic variability in Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese assessed by microsatellite and non-radioactive AFLP test

Nutrition of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, the Producer of Gramicidin S

Evaluation of antagonistic activities of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis against wood-staining fungi: In vitro and in vivo experiments

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