A baseline assessment of cigarette sales to minors in San Diego, California

Erickson, Ann D.; Woodruff, Susan I.; Wildey, Marianne B.; Kenney, Erin

doi:10.1007/bf01324432

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As an example, consider that previous studies show girls have an easier time purchasing tobacco products from stores than boys; in fact, clerks more frequently encourage girls to buy cigarettes, and request identification less frequently from them than boys. [33][34][35] Race and ethnicity of clerks also influence tobacco sales to minors-African American clerks are less likely to sell to minors. 35 What this suggests is that the proper implementation and rigourous enforcement of photo identification and clerk intervention policies, both involving an active interaction between merchants and buyers, could be quite effective in deterring access to tobacco products, especially for initiators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33][34][35] Race and ethnicity of clerks also influence tobacco sales to minors-African American clerks are less likely to sell to minors. 35 What this suggests is that the proper implementation and rigourous enforcement of photo identification and clerk intervention policies, both involving an active interaction between merchants and buyers, could be quite effective in deterring access to tobacco products, especially for initiators. Indeed, photo identification was strongly associated with lower likelihood of initiation and adverse transition among low SES females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cigarette smoking transition in females of low socioeconomic status: impact of state, school, and individual factors

Kim

Clark²

2006

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Study objective: To examine whether young, especially low socioeconomic status (SES), females are influenced by tobacco control policies in terms of smoking initiation and transition to more adverse stages of smoking behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood. Design and setting: Data from 2697 young female respondents to the national longitudinal study of adolescent health wave 1 (1994)(1995) and wave 3 (2001-2002). Measurements: The following factors were used to predict the likelihood of smoking initiation and transition to heavier tobacco use between adolescence and young adulthood among females of low, middle, and high SES groups: state level tobacco control policy scores, developed by the US National Cancer Institute, state cigarette excise tax, smoking rate at school, cigarette availability at home, and number of best friends smoking. Main results: Stronger state level tobacco policies were associated with lower likelihood of smoking initiation and adverse transition among low SES women, although the effect sizes were small. Adolescents who attended schools with higher student smoking rates; adolescents who had easier access to cigarettes at home; and adolescents who had more friends smoking were all more likely to be adverse transitioners by young adulthood. Conclusions: State level tobacco control policies and individual level factors during adolescence are independently associated with smoking initiation and adverse transition by the onset of young adulthood, especially for low SES females. While states may have very little direct influence on individual level behaviours, through their policies they do have the potential to exert considerable influence on smoking behaviour that persists through adolescence into young adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking transition in females of low socioeconomic status: impact of state, school, and individual factors

Kim

Clark²

2006

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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“…The gender difference in buying rate was somewhat surprising, in that a number of studies have demonstrated that underage girls are actually more successful at buying tobacco than boys 1018 21 However, just because girls can buy cigarettes does not mean that they do. Although the success rate per attempt may be lower for boys, through sheer persistence they may actually complete more purchases than do girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and ethnic differences in young adolescents' sources of cigarettes

1998

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Objective-To identify the sources used by young adolescents to obtain cigarettes. Design-In early 1994 a survey assessing usual sources of cigarettes and characteristics of the respondents was administered in homeroom classes. Setting-A large urban, predominantly African American school system. Subjects-A population-based sample of 6967 seventh graders averaging 13 years of age. Main outcome measure-Reports of usual sources of cigarettes. Results-At this age level, young smokers were more likely to get cigarettes from friends (31.2%) than buy them in stores (14.3%). However, the odds of purchasing varied for diVerent groups of children. Regular smokers were much more likely (48.3%) to have purchased cigarettes than experimental smokers (9.6%), p<0.001. Girls were less likely to have bought their cigarettes than boys (p<0.001), and black smokers were less likely to have purchased cigarettes than white children (p<0.001). Results suggested that family members who smoke may constitute a more important source of tobacco products than previously recognised, particularly for young girls. Conclusions-In this middle-school sample, peers provided the major point of cigarette distribution. However, even at this age, direct purchase was not uncommon. Sources of cigarettes varied significantly with gender, ethnicity, and smoking rate.

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“…Given the exploratory nature of the site visits, we were inclusive in identifying variables that might be related to status as a case. These variables were largely identified through a review of studies involving site visits to sellers of cigarettes,15 16 17 18 19 alcohol20 21 22 23 24 25 and guns26 27 and preliminary visits to ∼30 retailers in Northern California. A few variables were included following the first ∼20 site visits conducted for the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%