A battery of DNA effect biomarkers to evaluate environmental exposure of Flemish adolescents

Koppen, Gudrun; Verheyen, Geert R.; Maes, A.; Gorp, U. Van; Schoeters, Greet; Hond, Elly Den; Staessen, Jan A.; Nawrot, Tim S.; Roels, Harry; Vlietinck, Robert; Verschaeve, Luc

doi:10.1002/jat.1174

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Using the alkaline comet assay our earlier study found that subjects from one of the test regions had somewhat higher DNA damage levels in their blood compared with subjects from other places (Staessen et al, 2001;Koppen et al, 2007). These subjects lived in the vicinity of a municipal incinerator and hence, the slightly, but yet statistically significant, higher DNA damage levels could possibly be attributed to exposure to pollutants from the incinerator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Seasonal variations in spontaneous levels of DNA damage; implication in the risk assessment of environmental chemicals

Verschaeve¹,

Koppen²,

Gorp³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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The alkaline comet assay was used to investigate DNA damage levels in white blood cells of 45 normal healthy subjects. Therefore blood was sampled at four different periods, namely in February, June, August and November of the same year. Higher DNA damage levels were found in summertime, as well as higher levels of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine in this period. This suggests a higher exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbons in the summer compared with other periods of the year. The observed seasonal variation in DNA damage levels is in agreement with some, but in contradiction with other data. Seasonal variations in DNA damage levels can easily be explained by the existence of different confounders that may influence the results of a biomonitoring study. Besides sunlight and environmental pollution, also diet, allergy and physical exercise, for example, were already identified as important influencing factors. The investigation confirms that the blood sampling period is crucial in the planning and interpretation of biomonitoring studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this study two regions were considered 'polluted' (Wilrijk and Hoboken), whereas one (Peer) was considered an unpolluted control region (Staessen et al, 2001;Koppen et al, 2007). Many biomarkers were investigated, among them genetic effects as assessed in the subject's white blood cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in spontaneous levels of DNA damage; implication in the risk assessment of environmental chemicals

Verschaeve¹,

Koppen²,

Gorp³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…The latter studies were done to confirm the findings of a cross-sectional study in 200 adolescents (17-18y) participating in the Flemish Environment and Health Survey. In that study, both the whole blood comet assay results and urinary 8oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 0 -deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) were affected by ozone concentrations and the average outdoor temperature, and by the hours of sunshine 3 days before sample collection [58]. The impact of solar radiation was intensively studied in another longitudinal study by Møller et al [35].…”

Section: Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective

Azqueta

Ladeira

Giovannelli

et al. 2020

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

118

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The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are interrelated (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.

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“…Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene has been widely used as a biomarker of exogenous PAH exposure (2,3). The level of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene has been shown to be correlated with DNA damage levels in peripheral blood cells (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variants of Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes Are Associated with DNA Damage in Coke Oven Workers

Wang

He²,

Guo³

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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We explored the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes on DNA damage caused by exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in 475 Chinese workers. We quantified urinary 1-hydroxypyrene using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the DNA damage level of lymphocytes was examined by the comet assay and represented as the Olive tail moment (OTM) value. We genotyped 38 tagSNPs in 10 NER genes. The SNP function was further investigated using luciferase reporter assay in three cell lines. Our results showed that two promoter SNPs, XPA rs1800975 and XPC rs3731055, were associated with lower OTM values (P trend = 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). However, another missense SNP rs2228001 in the XPC gene was positively associated with OTM value (P trend = 0.01). A stratified analysis found that the association between this SNP and DNA damage was only observed among subjects with higher PAH exposure levels but not among those with lower exposure levels (P interaction = 0.018). A dose-response association was found between the combined risk alleles of the above three genetic variants and increased DNA damage levels (P trend = 0.004). This association was more pronounced in subjects with higher PAH exposure than those with lower exposure levels (P interaction = 0.046). Our functional study indicated that XPA rs1800975G and XPC rs3731055A alleles had a higher luciferase expression than their corresponding SNP alleles (P < 0.05). These results suggested that genetic variations in key NER genes, especially in XPA and XPC genes, may modulate DNA damage levels when exposed to PAHs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomakers Prev; 19(1); 211-8 ©2010 AACR.

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A battery of DNA effect biomarkers to evaluate environmental exposure of Flemish adolescents

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Seasonal variations in spontaneous levels of DNA damage; implication in the risk assessment of environmental chemicals

Seasonal variations in spontaneous levels of DNA damage; implication in the risk assessment of environmental chemicals

Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective

Genetic Variants of Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes Are Associated with DNA Damage in Coke Oven Workers

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