A Behavioural Study of Schizophrenic Children

Wolff, Sulammith; Chess, Stella

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1964.tb07496.x

Cited by 82 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Mothers under-reported nonverbal utterances. This is in line with a previous finding (Wolff and Chess, 1965) that repetitive, stereotyped motor behaviour was also poorly reported.…”

Section: Disgussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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An Analysis of the Language of Fourteen Schizophrenic Children

Wolff

Chess

1965

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…Mothers under-reported nonverbal utterances. This is in line with a previous finding (Wolff and Chess, 1965) that repetitive, stereotyped motor behaviour was also poorly reported.…”

Section: Disgussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The one item that did not follow this trend was obsessional behaviour. This was infrequent at both ends of the ranking scale and most frequent in children of intermediate severity of illness (Wolff and Chess, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Language of Fourteen Schizophrenic Children

Wolff

Chess

1965

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…A condi¬ tion of family disruption and emotional tur¬ moil may surround the infancy or childhood of autistic children13 or the disease process may develop in a normal emotional climate.10 A relative sparcity of schizophrenic par¬ ents has been noted by some observers. However, Rutter's10 failure to find a single schizophrenic parent in his population of autistic children was not confirmed by Goldfarb,12 Wolff and Chess,9 or O'Gorman. 18 It is rare to find more than one nontwin sibling with the disease, 13 Pregnancy and Delivery.-Available sur¬ veys provide conflicting evidence as to the relative incidence of complications during pregnancy and delivery in the mothers of these children as compared to other diag¬ nostic groups.…”

Section: Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Inconstancy in Early Infantile Autism

Ornitz¹

1968

Arch Gen Psychiatry

287

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“…Regression in the developmental course of autism is not a new phenomenon, and studies that were conducted long before MMR existed documented rates of regression or loss of skills ranging from 20% to 50% in both epidemiologic and clinical samples [17][18][19][20][21][22] (Table 1). Therefore, rather than to describe regression in case series, it is important to establish whether regression has increased in frequency and occurs at particular times in the developmental course, particularly in relation to vaccine exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24 Thus, retrospective reports by parents, general practitioners, or health visitors of a normal period of development up to age 1 and recognition of first autistic symptoms in the second year followed by loss of skills are consistent with autism development as known for several decades. [17][18][19][20][21][22]25 Finally, although inflammatory bowel disorders seem to be extremely rare in children with autism, 26 gastrointestinal symptoms have been much less studied among individuals with autism, and their type, frequency, and possible association with a regressive pattern of development have not been documented in the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

No Evidence for A New Variant of Measles-Mumps-Rubella–Induced Autism

2001

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ABSTRACT. Objective. A link has been postulated between measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and a form of autism that is a combination of developmental regression and gastrointestinal symptoms that occur shortly after immunization. This hypothesis has involved 3 separate claims: 1) that there is new phenotype of autism involving regression and gastrointestinal symptoms, 2) that this new variant is responsible for the alleged rise of autism rates, and 3) that this phenotype is associated with biological findings suggestive of the persistence of measles infection. We tested the first of these claims. If this new "autistic enterocolitis" syndrome had some validity, then 1 or several of the following 6 predictions should be supported by empirical data: 1) childhood disintegrative disorder has become more frequent, 2) the mean age of first parental concern for autistic children who are exposed to MMR is closer to the mean immunization age than in children who are not exposed to MMR, 3) regression in the development of children with autism has become more common in MMR-vaccinated children, 4) the age of onset for autistic children with regression clusters around the MMR immunization date and is different from that of autistic children without regression, 5) children with regressive autism have distinct symptom and severity profiles, and 6) regressive autism is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and/or inflammatory bowel disorder.Methods. Three samples were used. Epidemiologic data on 96 children (95 immunized with MMR at a median age of 13.5 months) who were born between 1992 and 1995 and had a pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis as reported in a recent UK survey (post-MMR sample) were compared with data from 2 previous clinical samples (1 pre-MMR [n ‫؍‬ 98] and 1 post-MMR [n ‫؍‬ 68]) of autistic patients. All patients were assessed with the standardized Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), allowing rigorous comparison of age at first parental concerns and rates of regression across samples. Reliability was excellent on ADI scores, age of parental concern, and developmental regression. Furthermore, data on bowel symptoms and disorders were available in the epidemiologic survey from both pediatric and parental sources, and immunization dates were obtained from computerized records.Results. The prevalence of childhood disintegrative disorder was 0.6/10 000 (95% confidence interval: 0.02-3.6/10 000); this very low rate is consistent with previous estimates and is not suggestive of an increased frequency of this form of pervasive developmental disorder in samples of children who are immunized with MMR. There was no difference in the mean age at first parental concern between the 2 samples exposed to MMR (19.3 and 19.2 months) and the pre-MMR sample (19.5 months). Thus, MMR immunization was not associated with a shift toward an earlier age for first parental concerns. Similarly, the rate of developmental regression reported in the post-MMR sample (15.6%) was not different from that in the pre-MMR sample (18.4%)...

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A Behavioural Study of Schizophrenic Children

Cited by 82 publications

References 7 publications

An Analysis of the Language of Fourteen Schizophrenic Children

An Analysis of the Language of Fourteen Schizophrenic Children

Perceptual Inconstancy in Early Infantile Autism

No Evidence for A New Variant of Measles-Mumps-Rubella–Induced Autism

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