A bench study on lead removal from battery manufacturing wastewater by carbonate precipitation

Leaching of APC residues from secondary Pb metallurgy using single extraction tests: the mineralogical and the geochemical approach

“…In contrast, sample A, produced by cooling of the flue gas by distilled water, probably contains free acids adsorbed on the residue particles and the resulting leachates remain acidic (pH 4.5). Supplementary mixing of APC residues with alkaline water, followed by an additional increase in the pH and equilibration with atmospheric CO 2 might be used for dissolution of primary Cl-rich phases accompanied by simultaneous precipitation of carbonates (phosgenite > cerussite) (Tables 1 and 3) (see also [29]), which are more suitable for additional Pb recovery in the metallurgical plant. The cadmium concentration in the suspension could be controlled by the precipitation of otavite (CdCO 3 ) [24].…”

Response surface modeling of Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution by Pistacia vera L.: Box–Behnken experimental design

“…Current methods for lead removal include precipitation as hydroxide, carbonate and sulfide precipitates [5], coagulation/flocculation [6], membrane process [7], electrochemical process [8], ion exchange [9], biosorption [10], and adsorption techniques [11]. Among these methods, precipitation of heavy metals as metal hydroxides or sulfides has been practiced as the prime method of treatment for heavy metals in industrial wastewater for many years.…”

Pb(II) adsorption on magnetic γ-Fe2O3/titanate nanotubes composite

“…The permissible Pb(II) limit is 0.015 mg/l in 12 drinking water adopted by the US Environmental Protection 13 Agency [3]. Considering its toxicity and disadvantage, various 14 techniques of Pb(II) removal have been developed, including 15 chemical precipitation, adsorption, electro-reduction, ion-ex- 16 change and membrane separation [4][5][6][7]. Among these methods, 17 adsorption is supposed to be one of the most effective and simplest 18 methods [8].…”