A Bi-Objective Approach for Optimizing the Installation of PATs in Systems of Transmission Mains

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, such as turbines or pump-as-turbines. The effect of pressure management on leakage reduction in a system has been well documented, and the potential for pressure management through energy recovery devices has seen a growth in popularity over the past decade. Over the past 2 years, the effect of energy recovery on leakage reduction has started to enter the conversation. With the theoretical potential known, researchers have started to focus on the location of energy recovery devices within water supply and distribution systems and the optimization thereof in terms of specific installation objectives. Due to the instrumental role that both the operating pressure and flow rate plays on both leakage and potential energy, daily variation and fluctuations of these parameters have great influence on the potential energy recovery and subsequent leakage reduction within a water distribution system. This paper presents an enhanced optimization procedure, which incorporates user-defined weighted importance of specific objectives and extended-period simulations into a genetic algorithm, to identify the optimum size and location of potential installations for energy recovery and leakage reduction. The proposed procedure proved to be effective in identifying more cost-effective and realistic solutions when compared to the procedure proposed in the literature.

Section: Optimization Procedures During An Eps: Perrl 20 Vs Perrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimization of Energy Recovery Device Sizes and Locations in Municipal Water Distribution Systems during Extended-Period Simulation

Bonthuys

Dijk

Cavazzini

2020

“…Creaco et al [41] investigate the benefits associated with the installation of PATs in systems of transmission mains, which convey water from source(s) to WDS tanks at an almost constant rate. They apply their bi-objective methodology to an Italian case study made up of nine systems of transmission mains, to find solutions in the trade-off between installation costs and generated hydropower, to be minimized and maximized, respectively.…”

Section: Energy Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks

Campisano

Creaco

2020

Self Cite

This Editorial presents a representative collection of 15 papers, presented in the Special Issue on Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks (UWNs), and frames them in the current research trends. The most analyzed systems in the Special Issue are the Water Distribution Systems (WDSs), with the following four topics explored: asset management, modelling of demand and hydraulics, energy recovery, and pipe burst identification and leakage reduction. In the first topic, the multi-objective optimization of interventions on the network is presented to find trade-off solutions between costs and efficiency. In the second topic, methodologies are presented to simulate and predict demand and to simulate network behavior in emergency scenarios. In the third topic, a methodology is presented for the multi-objective optimization of pump-as-turbine (PAT) installation sites in transmission mains. In the fourth topic, methodologies for pipe burst identification and leakage reduction are presented. As for the Urban Drainage Systems (UDSs), the two explored topics are asset management, with a system upgrade to reduce flooding, and modelling of flow and water quality, with analyses on the transition from surface to pressurized flow, impact of water use reduction on the operation of UDSs and sediment transport in pressurized pipes. The Special Issue also includes one paper dealing with the hydraulic modelling of an urban river with a complex cross-section.

“…Today, there is a great scientific and technical interest in analyzing and evaluating the possibilities of recovering the unused energy in pressurized and gravity water distribution systems. Topics of interest include the optimal location and operation scheme of the hydraulic machine to be installed, as well as the influence of this one on the control and management of the pipeline network [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computer Program to Support the Selection of Turbines to Recover Unused Energy at Hydraulic Networks

Rodríguez-Pérez

Pulido‐Calvo

Cáceres-Ramos

2021

For this paper, a computer program was designed and developed to calculate which turbines could be placed in a water distribution system considering the hydraulic constraints. The aforementioned turbines are placed in locations where we have unused hydraulic energy, i.e., when this energy is dissipated by a regulating valve. In our case, what we do is place a turbine to make use of that excess energy. Once the data has been entered into the program, it provides the type or types of turbines that can be placed in each location, what power these turbines would be, and how much they would generate annually. The program offers us two calculation options. In the first, and simpler, one, it would be done using the net head at the location where the turbine is to be placed. For this option, it would only be necessary to introduce the flow rate, the net head, and the hours that the turbine will be in operation to perform the calculation. The second option would be in the case where we did not have the net head, and, instead, we had the gross head. In this case, we have to calculate the head losses. Normally, this would be the most used option because there are usually no pressure drops. To perform the calculation, in this case, it is necessary to know, apart from what is mentioned in the first option, the characteristics of the pipe (diameter, length, and material).