“…Technostress has been examined in various fields, including health care, library science, public service and higher education (Tarafdar et al , 2011; Grummeck-Braant et al , 2021; Ayyagari, 2007; Davis, 2020). Research indicates that since the emergence of COVID-19, employees have been facing increased levels of technostress, characterized by greater techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity and techno-uncertainty (Davis, 2020).…”