Summary
A novel dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA)‐based baseline‐free damage diagnostic technique addressing breathing crack detection, localization, and characterization is proposed using ambient vibration data in the time domain. The nonlinear components sensitive to breathing crack, buried in the noisy responses, are first reconstructed by the elimination of the active principal components contributing to the total response using DPCA. A temporal damage sensitive feature based on the evolution of the variation of the residual principal component over time is proposed for confirming the presence and identifying the exact time instant of breathing crack in the structure. Besides detection, three new damage localization indices based on the fractal dimensional analysis of the residual response, first residual principal component vector, and directional angle are proposed for breathing crack localization. The effectiveness of the proposed DPCA approach is verified using the synthetic datasets of the benchmark simply supported beam with a breathing crack, provided by Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences and a numerically simulated cantilever beam with varied spatial locations and different depths of breathing crack. Finally, experimental investigations have been carried out to demonstrate the practical viability of the proposed DPCA approach.