A bioarchaeological study of a Western Basin tradition cemetery on the Detroit River

Maize provisioning of Ontario Late Woodland turkeys: Isotopic evidence of seasonal, cultural, spatial and temporal variation

“…By A.D. 1200 maize horticulture was practiced extensively across much of the region (Katzenberg 2006;Cappella 2005;Crawford and Smith 1996;Crawford et al 1997). Isotopic analyses of human remains have provided the most detailed information on the timing of maize introduction and its spread in pre-contact southwestern and central Ontario, and the Western Lake Erie region (Allegretto 2007;Dewar et al 2010;Katzenberg 1989;Katzenberg et al 1995;Schwarcz et al 1985;van der Merwe et al 2003;Harrison and Katzenberg 2003;Pfeiffer et al 2014;Stothers and Bechtel 1987;Watts et al 2011). …”

Death and Disability in a Younge Phase Community

“…The wide range of practices presented in them is really a palimpsest of the activities of a number of specialists (Speal 2006). These large mortuary sites do not seem to have counterparts among the Younge phase sites in Ontario, where there are few burial features per site, each holding eight people at most, and where there is often associated domestic activity (Dewar et al 2010;Kidd 1956;Murphy and Ferris 1990; Spence 2011;Watts et al 2011).…”

“…To further complicate mathave established that the Ontario Younge phase ters, some of the major mortuary components enpeople were as fully reliant on maize horticulture compass considerable temporal variability, making as contemporary and even later Ontario Iroquoian it difficult to tease out particular social expressions tradition populations to the east (Dewar et al (Speal 2006). We should, then, be excavating more 2010;Spence etal. 2010;Watts etal.…”

Unravelling identities on archaeological borderlands: Late Woodland Western Basin and Ontario Iroquoian Traditions in the Lower Great Lakes region

“…The OIT archaeological record in southern Ontario from the late 11 th century and through the 14 th century reflects noteworthy cultural changes from previous times, including a shift towards villagebased lifestyles, the adoption of maize horticulture, changes in burial practices, and changes in ceramic technology and style (Williamson 1990;Warrick 2000;Curtis 2004;Watts 2006)-what Spence and Unravelling identities on archaeological borderlands 49 others have ascribed as the emergence of "classic" ancestral Iroquoian expression (Smith 1990;Ferris and Spence 1995). The WBT archaeological record in southwestern Ontario was also characterized by a continuation of diverse site locales shaped by local subsistence activities across a mobile landscape and seasonal round through this period, sustaining a diversified subsistence regime that leveraged increasing agricultural yields through caching technology to sustain year round consumption, while maintaining harvest of seasonally abundant resources, in particular lacustrine and riverine foods (Lennox 1982;Kenyon et al 1988;Murphy and Ferris 1990;Dewar et al 2010;Armstrong 2013;Crawford 2014;Foreman 2011;Watts et al 2011;Morris 2015). Increasing sedentism is seen in shifts in warm weather site locale selection (Kenyon 1988;Lennox and Dodd 1991) and evidence of more substantial settlements, including bounded community patterns and presence of middens within the borderland transition zone alongside smaller, seasonally based camp sites (Fox 1982;Cunningham 1999;Watts 2008;Suko 2017;Ferris 2018).…”