A Biochemical Analysis of the Stapes

Wiatr, Agnieszka; Składzień, Jacek; Swiezy, Katarzyna; Wiatr, Maciej

doi:10.12659/msm.913635

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At the same time, the other indicator of progression is the increase in alkaline phosphatase with osteoblastic activity. Thus, calcium increase is expected in the blood [17,18]. Our claim in this study is to expect an increase in blood calcium levels with the increase of hearing loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Is there any association between calcium values and otosclerosis?

Yıldız¹,

Kahveci²,

Ulu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Surgery and Medicine

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Aim: Otosclerosis; is an idiopathic disease caused by the occupation of the otic capsule and the stapes base with the spongioform bone. It is the most common type of conductive hearing loss after otitis media in otorhinolaryngology. There are no studies in the literature showing the relationship between blood calcium levels and hearing loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the blood calcium levels and hearing loss of patients with otosclerosis diagnosed retrospectively. Methods: The study was performed case-control study. Patients were divided into two groups: patient and control. The patient group consisted of 40 patients who were operated for otosclerosis in the otolaryngology clinic between 2013 and 2017. Calcium values in the blood biochemistry of these patients and preoperative hearing tests were recorded retrospectively. The control group admitted for any reason, the otolaryngology clinic and consisted of 40 patients with non-ear disease. Calcium values in blood biochemistry and hearing tests performed in outpatient clinic were recorded retrospectively. The hearing of the patients in both groups was recorded by taking the average of the right and left ear. Results: The mean age of the control group was 28 (2.4) (18-60) years. The mean age for the patient group was 32 (2.6) (19-68). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of age (P=0.061). The control group was 10.8 (1.2) dB on the right and the left ear. The mean calcium blood levels in the control group were 9.8 (0.4) mg/dL. The mean right and left ear audiometry of the patient group was 38 (0.6) dB. The mean blood calcium level of the patient group was 11.7 (0.9) dB. There was a significant difference between the control group and the patient group in the audiometry test (P=0.024). There was no significant difference between the patient group and the control group in terms of blood calcium (P=0.078). Conclusion: There was a significant deterioration in hearing in patients with otosclerosis. However, there was no significant increase in blood calcium levels. Therefore, there was no significant relationship between blood calcium level and hearing in otosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Is there any association between calcium values and otosclerosis?

Yıldız¹,

Kahveci²,

Ulu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Surgery and Medicine

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“…Therefore, at the stage of tympanoplasty of relevant importance is to choose such a reconstruction (from the patient's own material, alloplastic prostheses), whose dimensions will be more akin to the natural sound-conducting chain. This solution allows for the best effect in tonal audiometry and subjective improvement of hearing in the patient [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory ossicles in ScanningElectron Microscopy

2020

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Introduction: Knowledge about the physiology of a healthy middle ear is essential for understanding the activity and mechanics of the ear as well as the basics of ossiculoplasty. Trauma of the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity as well as the ossicular chain may be the result of chronic inflammation and surgery. Depending on the observed changes of the middle ear lining, there are several types of distinguished chronic inflammatory changes: simple, with cholesteatoma, with the formation of inflammatory granulation tissue, in course of specific diseases. Purpose: The aim of the article is presentation of the microstructure and vasculature of the ossicular chain in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Particular attention is drawn to the anatomical aspects of the structure and connections of auditory ossicles as vital elements for reconstruction of the conduction system of the middle ear. Material and method: The analysis covered auditory ossicles standardly removed in accordance with the methodology of the investigated surgical procedures. The preparations were evaluated in a scanning electron microscope. Results: The exposure of bone surface promotes deep erosion. The advanced process of destruction of bone surface in the case of chronic otitis media correlates with a significant degree of damage to both the lining covering the auditory ossicles and that surrounding articular surfaces. Conclusions: (1) The ossicles in the image of the Scanning Electron Microscope are covered with lining. It passes from the surface of the ossicles to the vascular bundles, forming vascular sheaths; (2) Damage to lining continuity on the surface of the auditory ossicles promotes the rapid destruction of bone tissue in the inflammatory process; (3) The dimensions of the individual ossicles are respectively: malleus – 8.36 +/- 0.01, incus – 8.14 +/- 0.0, stapes – 3.23 +/- 0.01 mm. Behavior of the anatomical length of ossicular chain during tympanoplasty appears to be essential to maintaining adequate vibration amplitude of the conductive system of the middle ear.

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“…Samples were dehydrated in a series of ethanol washes (10%, 25%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100%), critical point dried, and sputter coated with gold palladium before imaging with a ZEISS EVO 18 (Carl Zeiss SMT Ltd, Cambridge, UK). All steps were carried out as previously described [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risks of RELN polymorphisms and its expression in the development of otosclerosis

et al. 2022

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Otosclerosis (OTSC) is the primary form of conductive hearing loss characterized by abnormal bone remodelling within the otic capsule of the human middle ear. A genetic association of the RELN SNP rs3914132 with OTSC has been identified in European population. Previously, we showed a trend towards association of this polymorphism with OTSC and identified a rare variant rs74503667 in a familial case. Here, we genotyped these variants in an Indian cohort composed of 254 OTSC cases and 262 controls. We detected a significant association of rs3914132 with OTSC (OR = 0.569, 95%CI = 0.386–0.838, p = 0.0041). To confirm this finding, we completed a meta-analysis which revealed a significant association of the rs3914132 polymorphism with OTSC (Z = 6.707, p<0.0001) across different ethnic populations. Linkage analysis found the evidence of linkage at RELN locus (LOD score 2.1059) in the OTSC family which has shown the transmission of rare variant rs74503667 in the affected individuals. To understand the role of RELN and its receptors in the development of OTSC, we went further to perform a functional analysis of RELN/reelin. Here we detected a reduced RELN (p = 0.0068) and VLDLR (p = 0.0348) mRNA levels in the otosclerotic stapes tissues. Furthermore, a reduced reelin protein expression by immunohistochemistry was confirmed in the otosclerotic tissues. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays for rs3914132 and rs74503667 variants revealed an altered binding of transcription factors in the mutated sequences which indicates the regulatory role of these variations in the RELN gene regulation. Subsequently, we showed by scanning electron microscopy a change in stapes bone morphology of otosclerotic patients. In conclusion, this study evidenced that the rare variation rs74503667 and the common polymorphism rs3914132 in the RELN gene and its reduced expressions that were associated with OTSC.

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A Biochemical Analysis of the Stapes

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Is there any association between calcium values and otosclerosis?

Is there any association between calcium values and otosclerosis?

Auditory ossicles in ScanningElectron Microscopy

The risks of RELN polymorphisms and its expression in the development of otosclerosis

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