A biochemical study on the level of proteins and their percentage of nitration in the hair and nail of autistic children

Priya, Malarveni Damodaran Lakshmi; Geetha, A

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.02.021

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…37, 38 Several studies have shown that children with ASD have increased blood levels of NO as compared with age-matched controls. 39, 40, 41, 42 At the same time, increased levels of nitrotyrosine, a reactive nitrogen species that can be produced by the uncoupled NOS reaction, has been shown to be increased in the blood, 43, 44 hair and nails 42 and brain 45, 46 of children with ASD as compared with age-matched controls. This is consistent with the notion that the NOS reaction is significantly uncoupled in children with ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sapropterin, a synthetic form of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), has been reported to improve symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, as BH4 is involved in multiple metabolic pathway that have been found to be dysregulated in ASD, including redox, pterin, monoamine neurotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO) and immune metabolism, the metabolic pathway by which sapropterin exerts its therapeutic effect in ASD effect remains unclear. This study investigated which metabolic pathways were associated with symptomatic improvement during sapropterin treatment. Ten participants (ages 2–6 years old) with current social and/or language delays, ASD and a central BH4 concentration ⩽30 nℳ l−1 were treated with a daily morning 20 mg kg−1 dose of sapropterin for 16 weeks in an open-label fashion. At baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks after starting the treatment, measures of language, social function and behavior and biomarkers of redox, pterin, monoamine neurotransmitter, NO and immune metabolism were obtained. Two participants discontinued the study, one from mild adverse effects and another due to noncompliance. Overall, improvements in subscales of the Preschool Language Scale (PLS), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and autism symptoms questionnaire (ASQ) were seen. Significant changes in biomarkers of pterin, redox and NO were found. Improvement on several subscales of the PLS, VABS, ABC and ASQ were moderated by baseline and changes in biomarkers of NO and pterin metabolism, particularly baseline NO metabolism. These data suggest that behavioral improvement associated with daily 20 mg kg−1 sapropterin treatment may involve NO metabolism, particularly the status of pretreatment NO metabolism.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A significant elevation level of NO was observed in the plasma of Omani autistic children as compared to their age-matched controls [111]. Decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and NO were also observed in the blood of autistic children [122]. Lower protein content and higher percentage of nitration in hair and nail of autistic children correlated with their degrees of severity [122].…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and NO were also observed in the blood of autistic children [122]. Lower protein content and higher percentage of nitration in hair and nail of autistic children correlated with their degrees of severity [122]. In a familybased association study, there was a significant but weak evidence for an association between NOS-IIA polymorphism and ASD in the Korean population [123].…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Thiamine in Autism

Lương¹

2013

AJPN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neuro-developmental conditions characterized by varying degrees of language impairment, including verbal and non-verbal communication, impaired social skill, and repetitive behaviors. In this paper, we review the evidence for an association between autism and thiamine. A relationship between thiamine status and the development of autism has been established, with thiamine supplementation exhibiting a beneficial clinical effect on children with autism. Thiamine may involve in autism via apoptotic factors (transcription factor p53, Bcl-2, and caspase-3), neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, acetylcholine, and glutamate), and oxidative stress (prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide synthase, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and mitochondrial dysfunction). In addition, thiamine has also been implicated in autism via its effects on basic myelin protein, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and glyoxalase 1. Thiamine may play a role in children with autism. Additional investigation of thiamine in children with autism is needed.

show abstract

“…In the context of low BH 4 concentrations, nitric oxide synthase produces peroxynitrite, an unstable reactive nitrogen species that can result in oxidative cellular damage. Indeed, nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of reactive nitrogen species, has been shown to be increased in multiple tissues in children with ASD, including the brain (22, 23, 107, 114, 115). Thus, BH 4 supplementation could help stabilize nitric oxide synthase as well as act as an antioxidant and improve monoamine neurotransmitter production.…”

Section: Review Of Treatable Conditions and Their Potential Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments for Biomedical Abnormalities Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Frye

Rossignol²

2014

Front. Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies point to the effectiveness of novel treatments that address physiological abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is significant because safe and effective treatments for ASD remain limited. These physiological abnormalities as well as studies addressing treatments of these abnormalities are reviewed in this article. Treatments commonly used to treat mitochondrial disease have been found to improve both core and associated ASD symptoms. Double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) studies have investigated l-carnitine and a multivitamin containing B vitamins, antioxidants, vitamin E, and co-enzyme Q10 while non-blinded studies have investigated ubiquinol. Controlled and uncontrolled studies using folinic acid, a reduced form of folate, have reported marked improvements in core and associated ASD symptoms in some children with ASD and folate related pathway abnormities. Treatments that could address redox metabolism abnormalities include methylcobalamin with and without folinic acid in open-label studies and vitamin C and N-acetyl-l-cysteine in DBPC studies. These studies have reported improved core and associated ASD symptoms with these treatments. Lastly, both open-label and DBPC studies have reported improvements in core and associated ASD symptoms with tetrahydrobiopterin. Overall, these treatments were generally well-tolerated without significant adverse effects for most children, although we review the reported adverse effects in detail. This review provides evidence for potentially safe and effective treatments for core and associated symptoms of ASD that target underlying known physiological abnormalities associated with ASD. Further research is needed to define subgroups of children with ASD in which these treatments may be most effective as well as confirm their efficacy in DBPC, large-scale multicenter studies.

show abstract

A biochemical study on the level of proteins and their percentage of nitration in the hair and nail of autistic children

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

The Role of Thiamine in Autism

Treatments for Biomedical Abnormalities Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About