A Bioconjugated Chlorin-Based Metal–Organic Framework for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Triple Negative Breast and Pancreatic Cancers

Abstract

The field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has continued to show promise as a potential method for treating tumors. In this work, a photosensitizer (PS) has been delivered to cancer cell lines for PDT by incorporation into the metal–organic framework (MOF) as an organic linker. By functionalizing the surface of MOF nanoparticles with maltotriose, the PS can efficiently target cancer cells with preferential uptake into pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. Effective targeting overcomes some current problems with PDT including long-term photosensitivity and tumor specificity. Developing a PS with optimal absorption and stability is one of the foremost challenges in PDT, and the synthesis of a chlorin, which is activated by long wavelength light and is resistant to photobleaching, is described. This chlorin-based MOF shows anticancer ability several times higher than that of porphyrin-based MOFs with little toxicity to normal cell lines and no dark toxicity.

Nanoscale bioconjugates: A review of the structural attributes of drug-loaded nanocarrier conjugates for selective cancer therapy

“…MAHfMOF-PFP-Ni-Zn and MA-HfMOF-PFC-Ni-Zn displayed low toxicity toward the MCF-10a cell lines compared with cancer cell lines. [ 209 ] 2 Fe 3 O 4 @MOF-DOX h -CDs i -Apt j MDA-MB-231 Treated HUVEC cells exhibited high viability (∼90%) and no toxicity. Fe 3 O 4 @MOF-DOX-CDs-Apt prevented the cell proliferation, more than 77% selective apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 at 24h and less than 10% apoptosis of normal HUVEC cells.…”

Synthesis of chlorins and bacteriochlorins from cycloaddition reactions with porphyrins

“…62 A recent study also showed that the pyrrolidine-fused chlorin of 5,15-bis(4-methyloxycarbonylphenyl)-10,20bis-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, incorporated into a metal−organic framework (MOF) functionalized with maltotriose, could efficiently target cancer cells with preferential uptake into pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. 63 The use of chlorins and isobacteriochlorins obtained from the reaction of porphyrins and ylides as PSs in the photoinactivation of microorganisms was also considered in different studies. In 2012, Costa et al, 64 reported the synthesis and the photodynamic action of the pentacationic chlorin 55 (Figure 14) towards two antibioticresistant bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.…”

Metalloporphyrin Metal–Organic Frameworks: Eminent Synthetic Strategies and Recent Practical Exploitations

“…The synthetic bioinspired complexes resemble in structure, central atoms, and properties the most common naturally occurring biomolecules such as hemoglobin which transports oxygen in animal bodies, chlorophyll which acts as a light-scavenging antenna in photosynthesis inside plants, or vitamin B 12 which is important for metabolism in the cells ( Figure 2 , Table 1 ) [ 20 ]. The combination of such favorable properties makes artificial metalloporphyrins highly suited for applications in photosynthesis [ 21 ], electrochemical [ 22 ], biosensing [ 23 ], biomedical [ 24 ] applications for tumor therapy [ 25 ] and bioimaging [ 26 ].…”