A Biodegradable High-Performance Microsupercapacitor for Environmentally Friendly and Biocompatible Energy Storage

Abstract

Biodegradable and biocompatible microscale energy storage devices are very crucial for environmentally friendly microelectronics and implantable medical applications. Herein, a biodegradable and biocompatible microsupercapacitor (BB-MSC) with satisfying overall performance is realized via the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique and biodegradable materials. Due to the 3D-interconnected structure of electrodes and elaborated design of electrolyte, the as-prepared BB-MSC exhibits superior overall performance than most of biodegradable devices, including a wide operation voltage of 1.8 V, high areal specific capacitance of 251 mF/cm2, good cycle stability, and favorable low-temperature resistance (−20 °C), demonstrative of reliability and practicality of our devices even in frosty environments. Importantly, the smooth degradation has been realized for the BB-MSC after being buried in natural soil for ∼90 days, and its implantation does not affect the healthy status of SD rats. Therefore, this work explores avenues for the design and construction of environmentally friendly and biocompatible microscale energy storage devices.

Phase Transition-Induced Nanohydrogel Electrolytes with High Tensile Strength, Robust Adhesion, and Superior Antifreezing

“…Moreover, the electrochemical performance of the all-in-one supercapacitor was analyzed using GCD curves measured at different densities in the range of 0.5–2.5 A/g (Figure b). The GCD curves exhibited typical triangular symmetric behavior, consistent with the capacitive charge–discharge mechanism of an ideal double-layer capacitor, which indicates the good rate performance of the device . The specific capacitances of the devices at the current densities of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 A/g calculated from the GCD curves were 527, 500, 480, and 450 F/g, respectively.…”

“…The GCD curves exhibited typical triangular symmetric behavior, consistent with the capacitive charge−discharge mechanism of an ideal doublelayer capacitor, which indicates the good rate performance of the device. 37 The specific capacitances of the devices at the current densities of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 A/g calculated from the GCD curves were 527, 500, 480, and 450 F/g, respectively. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitors decreased slightly with increasing current density, owing to the slow diffusion of ions.…”

Direct ink writing 3D printing of low-dimensional nanomaterials for micro-supercapacitors

“…The integration of advanced 3D printing techniques with MSCs represents a significant breakthrough in the development of energy storage devices. 9,10 Unlike traditional manufacturing approaches, 3D printing offers unparalleled capabilities for creating complex geometries and ensuring precise structural control, thanks to its design flexibility, rapid prototyping, and customization. MSCs require meticulous control of the electrode architecture, a high surface area-to-volume ratio, and efficient electrolyte penetration to maximize energy storage capacity and electrochemical performance.…”

Unveiling the recent advances in micro-electrode materials and configurations for sodium-ion micro-batteries

“…However, they have a drawback in terms of low energy density (generally less than 100 μW h cm −2 ), which confines their use in micro-electronics devices that require long-lasting performance between charges. 15–19 On the other hand, μBs have relatively higher energy density of 20–200 mW h cm −3 , higher power density of 0.01–1 W cm −3 , and stable voltage outputs (Fig. 1).…”