A Biological Monitoring Method based on the Response Behavior of Caenorhabditis Elegans to Chemicals in Water

Abstract

In this paper, based on the behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in response to a toxic substance, we propose a novel biological monitoring method for the detection of water contamination. Both before and after the introduction of formaldehyde into the water at the concentration of 0.1 ppm, the swimming activities of C. elegans are continuously recorded by a charge coupled device camera at the rate of four frames per second. The behavior in each of the image frames is characterized by the branch length similarity (BLS) entropy profile. The shapes quantified by the BLS entropy profiles are classified into seven shape patterns via the self-organizing map combined with the k-means clustering algorithm. Subsequently, a monitoring scheme composed of two hidden Markov models decides the water quality based on the sequence of shape patterns over a certain observation time. The performance of the proposed method is generally affected by the observation interval; yet, experimental results show an accuracy of about 83% for an observation time of five minutes. It is also observed that, by taking the distribution of individual decisions into account, the accuracy of the proposed method can be improved up to 93% and the false negative rate can be reduced to 10%.

The Response of River Biological Monitoring and Water Quality Based on Remote Sensing Image Technology

“…Data analysis solves two major problems of data source and basic data processing. The data source, that is, the data that needs to be acquired for water quality inversion includes the water samples collected in the field, the spectral curve collected by the ground object spectrometer, and the acquired quasi-synchronous remote sensing data [8][9]. The design of the field collection data should include the geographical location of the selected water area, the sampling distribution points of the water area, and the design of the sampling data registration form.…”

A New Measure to Characterize the Degree of Self-Similarity of a Shape and Its Applicability

“…elegans. Jeong et al (2019) [ 23 ] recorded the movement of C . elegans and quantified the worm shape in each frame with the BLS entropy profile.…”