A biomechanical impact test system for head and facial injury assessment and model development

Harris, Gerald F.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Schmaltz, Dale; Reinartz, John; Pintar, Frank A.; Sances, Anthony

doi:10.1016/0141-5425(93)90096-h

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Direct head-impact experiments have primarily involved pistons [44,45] and drop-weights [46][47][48][49][50][51] ( Figure 6). Impact is applied directly to the cranium, which may be protected by a metallic plate to distribute loading and prevent skull fracture.…”

Section: Direct Head-impact Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Device for Simulating Traumatic Brain Injury Resulting from Linear Accelerations

Gilchrist

2004

Strain

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Various methods are used to model and analyse traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in human beings. These include volunteer and cadaver experiments, anthropomorphic dummies, physical models, computational models and mathematical models. The pathophysiological response to mechanical impact of the human central nervous system and of in vivo neural tissue, is most realistically analysed using animal models, which provide the best surrogate for the human brain. During non‐fatal impacts, a mechanical insult may trigger a cascade of physiological processes, many mediated by neurochemicals within the neural tissue which will, in turn, control the depth and extent of the brain injury. This paper reports the development of a novel experimental device which can apply different linear acceleration impacts directly to in vivo neural tissue in a manner which permits the experimental analysis of non‐fatal TBI of varying severity.

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Section: Direct Head-impact Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Device for Simulating Traumatic Brain Injury Resulting from Linear Accelerations

Gilchrist

2004

Strain

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“…The scope and extent of experiments with animals or animal parts are also limited because of ethical and practical reasons. For this reason, the development of physical models, for example, those by Pintar , Thali , Foote , and Jussila , with appropriate simulant (alternative) materials has received some attention. The physical models enable conducting large number of experiments to understand backspatter and its relationship to the actual events.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating Simulant Materials for Understanding Cranial Backspatter from a Ballistic Projectile

Das

Collins

Verma

et al. 2015

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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In cranial wounds resulting from a gunshot, the study of backspatter patterns can provide information about the actual incidents by linking material to surrounding objects. This study investigates the physics of backspatter from a high-speed projectile impact and evaluates a range of simulant materials using impact tests. Next, we evaluate a mesh-free method called smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to model the splashing mechanism during backspatter. The study has shown that a projectile impact causes fragmentation at the impact site, while transferring momentum to fragmented particles. The particles travel along the path of least resistance, leading to partial material movement in the reverse direction of the projectile motion causing backspatter. Medium-density fiberboard is a better simulant for a human skull than polycarbonate, and lorica leather is a better simulant for a human skin than natural rubber. SPH is an effective numerical method for modeling the high-speed impact fracture and fragmentations.

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Klinische Bedeutung von Rückhaltesystemen aus der Sicht des Neurochirurgen

Scheremet¹

1996

Hefte Zur Zeitschrift „Der Unfallchirurg“

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A biomechanical impact test system for head and facial injury assessment and model development

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental Device for Simulating Traumatic Brain Injury Resulting from Linear Accelerations

Experimental Device for Simulating Traumatic Brain Injury Resulting from Linear Accelerations

Evaluating Simulant Materials for Understanding Cranial Backspatter from a Ballistic Projectile

Klinische Bedeutung von Rückhaltesystemen aus der Sicht des Neurochirurgen

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