A biomimetic nanoparticle-enabled toxoid vaccine against melittin

Abstract

BackgroundMelittin, the main active peptide ingredient of bee venom, can cause severe cell membrane lysis due to its robust interaction with negatively charged phospholipids. So far, no effective anti-melittin vaccine has been developed to protect people from undesired melittin intoxication.MethodsHerein, we prepared a polydiacetylene (PDA) nanoparticle with cell membrane-mimic surface to complex melittin, forming an anti-melittin vaccine (PDA–melittin).ResultsPDA nanoparticles could effectively combine with melittin and neutralize its toxicity. PDA–melittin nanocomplex is demonstrated to enhance melittin uptake by DCs and stimulate strong melittin-specific immunity. Mice immunized with PDA–melittin nanocomplex showed higher survival rate after exposion to melittin than untreated mice.ConclusionThe PDA–melittin nanocomplex can efficiently and safely generate a specific immunity against melittin to protect body from melittin intoxication, providing a new method with potential clinical application for the treatment of melittin intoxication.

Development of PDA Nanoparticles for H9N2 Avian Influenza BPP-V/BP-IV Epitope Peptide Vaccines: Immunogenicity and Delivery Efficiency Improvement

“…PDA and the nano epitope peptide vaccine, nano BPP-V epitope peptide vaccine, and nano BP-IV epitope peptide vaccine were dissolved in distilled water by ultrasonication, and their morphologies, UV-vis spectra, size distributions, and zeta potentials were determined (21). The morphological characteristics were examined on a Philips CM20 transmission electron microscope (Netherlands), and the UV-vis spectra were recorded by a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 750 instrument (USA).…”

“…Mouse serum samples were collected through tail vein from each group on days 1, 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27, and 29 after immunization, and the anti-HA (IgG) antibody were determined to evaluate whether the mice consistently produce antibody. On days 7, 14, and 21 after immunization, mice serum samples were also collected through tail vein, and anti-HA antibody (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2a levels were determined by ELISA as previously described (22).…”

Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials

“…Nanotoxoid vaccination stimulated the host body immunity and eliminated the toxins through antigen-presenting mechanisms. Kang et al [141] reported that the nanotoxoid formation method might be a promising approach for pore-forming toxins (PFTs) vaccines. The synthetic PDA NP can efficiently neutralize melittin to reduce the toxicity of melittin.…”

“…Melittin-loaded PDA NP was used as a nanotoxoid vaccination to enhance immune activity against melittin. PDA-melittin demonstrated 70% cell viability in DCs, whereas free melittin showed 90% cell apoptosis [141]. This biomimetic nanovaccine maintained the antigenic determinant of the melittin, which was responsible for high DC maturation and cellular uptake.…”

“…After three doses of biomimetic nanotoxoid vaccination, the mice received the lethal bolus toxin. Biomimetic nanotoxoid vaccinated mice showed a 75% survival rate, compared to the 20% survival rate of non-vaccinated mice [141]. A biomimetic nanosponge was reported (Figure 8) by using PLGA NPs as a core, and RBC membrane as a surface coating.…”