A Bird's Eye View of the World's Fastest Networks

Bhattacherjee, Debopam; Aqeel, Waqar; Laughlin, Gregory; Maggs, Bruce M.; Singla, Ankit

doi:10.1145/3419394.3423620

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In April 2020, there were nine such systems. The fastest one, working in the 11 GHz band, had an estimated two-way latency of 3961.71 µs, the second one of 3962.09 µs (0.38 µs more, corresponding to a difference in route length of just 114 m, or 0.0085%) [122]. Cables with hollow-core fibers followed, although only in short feeder links to data centers of the exchanges in New Jersey and London: first with OFS AccuCore HC-PBGF in 2020 [123], and then with Lumenisity NANF in 2022.…”

Section: Latency In Transpondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Telecommunications and Data Transmission

Borzycki,

Osuch

2023

Applied Sciences

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Hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) have unique properties like low latency, negligible optical nonlinearity, wide low-loss spectrum, up to 2100 nm, the ability to carry high power, and potentially lower loss then solid-core single-mode fibers (SMFs). These features make them very promising for communication networks and similar applications. However, this class of fibers is still in development. Current applications are almost exclusively limited to low-latency data links for High-Speed Trading (HST); other uses are in the trial stage now. In this paper, we comprehensively review the progress in the development of HCFs including fiber design, fabrication and parameters (with comparisons to conventional single-mode fibers) and support technologies like splicing and testing. A variety of HCF applications in future telecom networks and systems is analyzed, pointing out their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we review the influence of filler gas and entry of contaminants on HCF attenuation, and propose a new fusion splicing technique, avoiding the destruction of the fiber’s photonic cladding at high temperature.

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Section: Latency In Transpondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Telecommunications and Data Transmission

Borzycki,

Osuch

2023

Applied Sciences

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“…Latency is an important parameter to gauge the performance of data communications over satellite networks in various applications, such as the high-frequency trading of stocks between financial stock exchanges around the world [12], information exchanges for military purposes [13], etc. In such communications networks, there are four components of network latency, namely propagation delay, transmission delay, queuing delay, and processing delay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Space Optical (FSO) Satellite Networks Performance Analysis: Transmission Power, Latency, and Outage Probability

Liang,

Chaudhry,

Erdogan

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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In free-space optical satellite networks (FSOSNs), satellites can have different laser intersatellite link (LISL) ranges for connectivity. As the LISL range increases, the number of satellites from among all the satellites in the constellation that will be needed on the shortest path between a source and a destination ground station decrease, and thereby the number of the LISLs on the shortest path decreases. Greater LISL ranges can reduce network latency of the path but can also result in an increase in transmission power for satellites on the path. Consequently, this tradeoff between satellite transmission power and network latency should be investigated, and in this work we examine it in FSOSNs drawing on the Starlink Phase 1 Version 3 (i.e., the latest version of Starlink's Phase 1) and Kuiper Shell 2 (i.e., Kuiper's biggest shell) constellations for different LISL ranges and different inter-continental connections. We use appropriate system models for calculating the average satellite transmission power (i.e., the average of the transmission power of all satellites on the shortest path) and network latency (i.e., the end-to-end latency of the shortest path). The results show that the mean network latency (i.e., the mean of network latency over all time slots) decreases and mean average satellite transmission power (i.e., the mean of average satellite transmission power over all time slots) increases with an increase in LISL range. For the Toronto-Sydney inter-continental connection in an FSOSN with Starlink's Phase 1 Version 3 constellation, when the LISL range is approximately 2,900 km, the mean network latency and mean average satellite transmission power intersect and are approximately 135 ms and 380 mW, respectively. For an FSOSN with the Kuiper Shell 2 constellation in this inter-continental connection, this LISL range is around 3,800 km, and the two parameters are approximately 120 ms and 700 mW, respectively. For the Toronto-Istanbul and Toronto-London inter-continental connections, the LISL ranges at the intersection are different and vary from 2,600 km to 3,400 km. Furthermore, we analyze outage probability performance of optical uplink/downlink due to atmosphere attenuation and turbulence.INDEX TERMS Free-space optical satellite networks, network latency, optical inter-satellite link, optical uplink/downlink, satellite transmission power, tradeoff, outage probability.

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confidence: 99%

System Analysis for Satellite Networks with Free-Space Optical Links

Liang¹

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In free-space optical satellite networks (FSOSNs), free-space optical links are employed between satellites and between satellites and ground stations. In this thesis, we analyze several system parameters and performances for FSOSNs, including phasing parameter, optical satellite link budget, tradeoff between network latency and satellite transmission power, and network latency minimization based on satellite transmission power constraints.We investigate the phasing parameter for Starlink Phase 1 Version 3 and Kuiper Shell 2 constellations. We look for the best value of the phasing parameter in these constellations that provides the maximum value of the minimum distance to ensure intra-constellation avoidance of collisions between satellites.We investigate the effect of link distance and link margin on laser inter-satellite link (LISL) transmission power, and the effect of slant distance, elevation angle, and link margin on laser uplink/downlink transmission power. We model these optical links and compute the results for various parameters.We examine the tradeoff between satellite transmission power and network latency in FSOSNs drawing on the Starlink Phase 1 Version 3 and Kuiper Shell 2 constellations for different LISL ranges and different inter-continental connections. We use appropriate system models for calculating the average satellite transmission power and network latency.We investigate the minimization of total network latency in the FSOSN resulting from the Starlink Phase 1 Version 3 constellation. We develop mathematical formulations for different LISL ranges and different satellite transmission power constraints for multiple simultaneous inter-continental connections. We use appropriate system models for calculating network latency and satellite optical link transmission power, and we formulate the problem as a binary integer linear program.First, I would like to express my great gratefulness to my supervisor, Professor Halim Yanikomeroglu. I joined Professor Yanikomeroglu's research group in April 2021. He leads me to this optical satellite network field and helps me to learn knowledge in this research area. Professor Yanikomeroglu is such a kind and gentle leader who is always nice and considerate to students and research group members. He always tries his best to help students including me in both study and life. I am very impressed with Professor Yanikomeroglu's knowledge and outsight in academia. I may not be a researcher if I have not met and supervised by him. I could not be wished for a better supervisor.I also want to give my great appreciations to Dr. Aizaz U. Chaudhry. Without him, I cannot get all the achievements in my research work. He offers me such a great help in my study, research, papers, thesis, and my life in many details. He helps me on finding papers, learning simulation tools, coding algorithms, writing and revising paper, presenting publishing, daily life advice, basically everything in my research. He spends a lot of time and effort to help me on my research work. He guides ...

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A Bird's Eye View of the World's Fastest Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Telecommunications and Data Transmission

Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Telecommunications and Data Transmission

Free-Space Optical (FSO) Satellite Networks Performance Analysis: Transmission Power, Latency, and Outage Probability

System Analysis for Satellite Networks with Free-Space Optical Links

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