“…With respect to photoluminescent materials, early work by Vogler and colleagues proposed that Bi 3+ and the other main group metals with n s 2 electron configurations (e.g., Sb 3+ , Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ ) could undergo similar photochemistry and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions in the visible region as those displayed by d 10 metal ions. , Consistent with this notion, Bi 3+ has recently proven to be a promising candidate for luminescent materials. For example, in 2010 and 2011, zur Loye and colleagues published a series of solid-state coordination polymers containing Bi 3+ and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,5-PDC) that displayed visible photoluminescence, with examples of blue, green, and even white light emission. − More recent examples of bismuth-organic coordination polymers have similarly exhibited blue, green, white, and yellow emission attributed to charge transfers, intraligand transitions, and s → p transitions of bismuth. − Bismuth-organic compounds have also displayed exciting properties including mechanochromism, , solvochromism, and polymorphism-dependent emission. , Furthermore, due to the similar oxidation states, ionic radii, and coordination geometries of Bi 3+ and Ln 3+ metal ions, bismuth-organic materials have been utilized as hosts for the trivalent lanthanides. Doping of Ln 3+ ions into bismuth-organic materials has yielded the highly desirable emissive properties of Ln 3+ ions while using just a fraction of the expensive rare earth starting materials relative to a homometallic Ln 3+ compound. − …”