BiVO4 and few-layer black phosphorus (BP) are both photocatalysts
that are responsive to visible light, and heterocomposites thereof
enable overall water splitting to generate H2 and O2 with the aid of sunlight. In this work, first-principles
calculations of BP/BiVO4 heterostructures were carried
out to elucidate the detailed electronic structures and carrier properties,
including the dependence on the local structure of the surface as
well as the number of BP layers. Our findings indicate that the electronic
structure strongly depends on the particular BiVO4 surface;
the combination of BP with the BiVO4(110) surface is predicted
to form a type-I heterojunction, whereas the BiVO4(010)
surface yields a suitable band alignment with BP. In the latter, charge
transfer can occur efficiently because of the local, site-dependent
electric field between each V site and neighboring phosphorus atoms.
Furthermore, the computational results on BP layer dependence suggest
that the photocatalytic efficiency of BP/BiVO4 may be experimentally
controlled using multiple layers of BP because the electric field
at the interface can be strengthened and the visible light absorption
is enhanced, although the valence band edge of BP may become unsuitable
for Z-scheme with more than a few layers in the heterosystem.