A Bleached-Kraft Mill Effluent Fraction Causing Induction of a Fish Mixed-Function Oxygenase Enzyme

Burnison, B. Kent; Hodson, Peter V.; Nuttley, Donna J.; Efler, Sue

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<1524:abkmef>2.3.co;2

Cited by 12 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Analyzing EROD induction of environmental mixtures is often based on the absolute induction at a distinct dilution [15–17]. Our results show that dose‐response plots for EROD induction of the acetonic sediment extract and its primary and secondary fractions are peak‐ or bell‐shaped plots (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Bioassay‐directed chemical fractionation procedures, which combine physicochemical fractionation steps with biotesting and chemical analysis [13,14], are an appropriate application of microbiotests, particularly when they indicate specific modes of toxic action and/or the presence of specific chemical classes. In vitro EROD assays in combination with physico‐chemical fractionation and chemical analysis have been applied to identify EROD‐inducing compounds in environmental samples such as pulp mill effluents [15,16] and extracts of settling particulate matter [17]. A problem in the application of in vitro EROD assays for testing environmental samples, however, is the lack of a generally accepted approach to quantify EROD induction of complex environmental samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fixed‐effect‐level toxicity equivalents—a suitable parameter for assessing ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency in complex environmental samples

Brack

Segner

Möder

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Within the scope of bioassay-directed identification of dioxin-like toxicants in complex environmental samples, EC50-based and fixed-effect-level-based 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity equivalents (TEQs) were compared to assess 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) inducing potency of sediment fractions using the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1 as bioassay system. Toxicity equivalents on the basis of fixed effect levels are suggested in order to minimize interpretation problems due to the superposition of enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting effects. Bioassay-directed fractionation of a contaminated sediment extract in the industrial region of Bitterfeld (Germany) based on fixed-effect-level TEQs indicated high dioxin-like activity in the lipophilic sediment fractions containing the prototypic arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, only a small part of the EROD induction could be attributed to the PCBs and PAHs that were analyzed. Significant EROD induction occurred also with some of the more polar fractions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixed‐effect‐level toxicity equivalents—a suitable parameter for assessing ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency in complex environmental samples

Brack

Segner

Möder

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Continuous exposure, as used in standard tests, may therefore not provide a true estimate of the ecotoxicity of compounds and could result in both over‐ and under‐estimations of ecotoxicity 11. 12 Possible reasons for this include: (1) organisms are able to detoxify or depurate any accumulated test compound during the exposure interval;13, 14 (2) induced individual tolerance—the first pulse may strengthen survivors through acclimation or induction of detoxification enzymes;15, 16 (3) individual selection—weaker individuals may be removed by the first pulse, resulting in selection of more robust individuals and an apparent reduction in responses to future exposure; and (4) ecological recovery—after exposure, an impacted population may or may not recover, depending on the characteristics of the species that are affected.…”

Section: Realistic Exposure Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher‐tier laboratory methods for assessing the aquatic toxicity of pesticides

Boxall

Brown

Barrett³

2002

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Registration schemes for plant-protection products require applicants to assess the potential ecological risk of their products using a tiered approach. Standard aquatic ecotoxicity tests are used at lower tiers and clearly defined methodologies are available for assessing the potential environmental risks. Safety factors are incorporated into the assessment process to account for the uncertainties associated with the use of lower-tier single-species ecotoxicity studies. If lower-tier assessments indicate that a substance may pose a risk to the environment, impacts can be assessed using more environmentally realistic conditions through the use of either pond mesocosms, artificial streams or field monitoring studies. Whilst these approaches provide more realistic assessments, the results are difficult to interpret and extrapolation to other systems is problematic. Recently it has been recognised that laboratory approaches that are intermediate between standard aquatic toxicity tests and field/mesocosm studies may provide useful data and help reduce the uncertainties associated with standard single-species tests. However, limited guidance is available on what tests are available and how they can be incorporated into the risk-assessment process. This paper reviews a number of these higher-tier laboratory techniques, including modified exposure studies, species sensitivity studies, population studies and tests with sensitive life stages. Recommendations are provided on how the approaches can be incorporated into the risk-assessment process.

show abstract

“…These data suggest that labile compounds are present that may mimic the induction of persistent dioxinlike compounds. Burnison et al [11] used bioassay‐driven fractionation techniques to confirm that inducers in secondary‐treated BKME included multi‐ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with alkyl substitutions instead of chlorine substitution. This raises the possibility that prolonged exposure to labile compounds may sustain MFO induction, as does dioxin exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic retene exposure causes sustained induction of CYP1A activity and protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fragoso

Parrott

Hahn

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The removal of persistent chlorinated organic compounds from pulp mill effluents has not eliminated mixed function oxygenase (MFO) induction by these effluents. Therefore, continuous MFO induction downstream of pulp mills may be due to exposure to more labile compounds, such as retene (an alkyl-substituted phenanthrene), which typically cause transient induction after a single brief exposure. Because fish are exposed continuously to pulp mill effluents, we have tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis that continuous exposure of fish to retene does not cause sustained MFO induction. Rainbow trout exposed continuously to retene, a component of some pulp mill effluents and sediments downstream of pulp mills, showed concentration-dependent increases in hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. The increase in EROD activity was sustained over 32 d of continuous exposure, but it diminished to background levels within 4 d after transfer to clean water. The enzymatic response was confirmed by measuring changes in the content of immunodetectable cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein. These data support a role for labile, nonhalogenated compounds in chronic effects of pulp mill effluents on fish.

show abstract

A Bleached-Kraft Mill Effluent Fraction Causing Induction of a Fish Mixed-Function Oxygenase Enzyme

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Fixed‐effect‐level toxicity equivalents—a suitable parameter for assessing ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency in complex environmental samples

Fixed‐effect‐level toxicity equivalents—a suitable parameter for assessing ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency in complex environmental samples

Higher‐tier laboratory methods for assessing the aquatic toxicity of pesticides

Chronic retene exposure causes sustained induction of CYP1A activity and protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About