A Blind Multiple Watermarks based on Human Visual Characteristics

Ernawan, Ferda; Liew, Siau-Chuin; Mustaffa, Zuriani; Moorthy, Kohbalan

doi:10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2578-2587

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Their scheme can achieve high robustness when it was compared to a single watermarking technique. Ernawan et al [7] proposed a blind multiple watermarking technique by considering the human visual characteristics. Ernawan's scheme presented embedding multiple watermarks on luminance (Y) and Chrominance blue (Cb).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheme can provide a good resistance against JPEG compression. Ernawan's scheme [7] embeds two watermarks by modifying the first column of the U matrix of DCT-SVD. Ernawan's scheme can achieve high robustness for both embedded watermarks against signal processing attacks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also can be used to verify the integrity of the contents. Multiple watermarking embeds more than one watermark image into the host image [7]. Due to rapid technology, multiple watermarks are needed in a variety of applications such as fingerprinting, broadcast monitoring, copyright protection and digital signatures [8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple watermarking technique using optimal threshold

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Ernawan

2020

IJEECS

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<span>The multiple watermarking technique has drawn more attention due to high demand for embedding more than one copyright. This paper proposes a multiple watermarking scheme using DWT-SVD by utilizing HVS characteristics. Our scheme embeds multiple watermarks in red and blue colors. The proposed scheme examines the coefficients of U orthogonal matrix for embedding and extracting watermarks. Watermarks are scrambled by Arnold transform before embedded in the host image in order provide additional security. The optimal thresholds for red and blue colors are revealed by finding a trade-off between normalized-cross correlation and imperceptibility from quantization steps. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme achieves high resistant under JPEG and JPEG2000 compression for both inserted watermarks. </span>

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple watermarking technique using optimal threshold

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Ernawan

2020

IJEECS

Self Cite

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“…Most of watermarking schemes are performed using YUV, RGB [6], and YCbCr color spaces [7]. YCbCr has been widely used in image compression [8]- [11], this color space is able to achieve a good decorelation of the color image.…”

Section: Preliminaries 21 Ycocg-r Color Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Tchebichef image watermarking along the edge using YCoCg-R color space for copyright protection

Ernawan¹

2019

IJECE

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Easy creation and manipulation of digital images present the potential danger of counterfeiting and forgery. Watermarking technique which embeds a watermark into the images can be used to overcome these problems and to provide copyright protection. Digital image watermarking should meet requirements, e.g. maintain image quality, difficult to remove the watermark, quality of watermark extraction, and applicable. This research proposes Tchebichef watermarking along the edge based on YCoCg-R color space. The embedding region is selected by considering the human visual characteristics (HVC) entropy. The selected blocks with minimum of HVC entropy values are transformed by Tchebichef moments. The locations of C(0,1), C(1,0), C(0,2) and C(2,0) of the matrix moment are randomly embedded for each watermark bit. The proposed watermarking scheme produces a good imperceptibility by average SSIM value around 0.98. The watermark recovery has greater resistant after several types of attack than other schemes.

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“…Image watermarking based on transformed-domain produces a good robustness against several attacks. The transformed-domains such as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) [2]- [5], Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) [6], [7], Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) [8] have been widely used in image watermarking schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image watermarking based on integer wavelet transform-singular value decomposition with variance pixels

Ernawan

Ariatmanto

2019

IJECE

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With the era of rapid technology in multimedia, the copyright protection is very important to preserve an ownership of multimedia data. This paper proposes an image watermarking scheme based on Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The binary watermark is scrambled by Arnold transform before embedding watermark. Embedding locations are determined by using variance pixels. Selected blocks with the lowest variance pixels are transformed by IWT, thus the LL sub-band of 8×8 IWT is computed by using SVD. The orthogonal U matrix component of U3,1 and U4,1 are modified using certain rules by considering the watermark bits and an optimal threshold. This research reveals an optimal threshold value based on the trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility of watermarked image. In order to measure the watermarking performance, the proposed scheme is tested under various attacks. The experimental results indicate that our scheme achieves higher robustness than other scheme under different types of attack.

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A Blind Multiple Watermarks based on Human Visual Characteristics

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Multiple watermarking technique using optimal threshold

Multiple watermarking technique using optimal threshold

Tchebichef image watermarking along the edge using YCoCg-R color space for copyright protection

Image watermarking based on integer wavelet transform-singular value decomposition with variance pixels

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