A blockchain and smart contract-based data provenance collection and storing in cloud environment

Abstract

Data uploading needs security and privacy in the cloud. But there are some problems like centralized provenance data (PD) collection, storage, lack of security, integrity, and more time consumption. There are methods like Rabin, Knapsack, McEliece, Elagamal, and Rivest–Shamir–Adleman for the generation of keys but it increases the encryption and decryption time and less security. Therefore, the blockchain and smart contract-based data provenance (BSCDP) Architecture is proposed for providing secure storage in the cloud environment. Initially, the fingerprint biometrics and physically uncloneable functions (PUF) have been used in verification process. The combination of PUF and fingerprint biometrics is used for secure data transmission. To protect privacy and strengthen the security, the fuzzy extractor is employed. Secondly, we use an elliptic-curve key based cyclic shift transposition cryptography algorithm for enhancing the security when sharing the key. Thirdly, we introduce the blockchain and the interplanetary file system (IPFS) for PD collection, hash computation, and storing with reduced computational overhead (CO). The integrity of data is maintained by using blockchain based secure hashing algorithm-3. By arranging fuzzy based smart contracts (FSC), the data user (DU) tracks their data. FSC is employed for tracking the history of data. The data collected is directly stored in IPFS and the DU gets a hash from IPFS to retrieve the data in the future. Finally, the data verification is done by the provenance auditor. When comparing our proposed BSCDP method with existing methods, the proposed BSCDP method achieves high security in the cloud environment for 2 K users in terms of evidence insertion time (30 ms), verification time (30 ms), response time (40 ms), total change rate (5%), CO (5.8 Kb), encryption (50 ms) and decryption time (52 ms).

A Fair, Verifiable and Privacy-Protecting Data Outsourcing Transaction Scheme Based on Smart Contracts

“…For largescale data, the data outsourcing computation becomes very important. At present, outsourcing non-core IT business and its business processes to professional service providers has become the first choice for enterprise users to improve their business professionalism [1] [2]. In the data outsourcing computation transaction, there are mutual distrust problems between the transaction parties, including the return of wrong results by the service provider and the non-payment of enterprise customers to the service provider, which affect the universality of the data outsourcing computation [3].…”

Optimizing Cloud-Fog-Edge Job Scheduling Using Catastrophic Genetic Algorithm and Block Chain-Based Trust: A Collaborative Approach

“…This experiment represented a standard terminal-to-fog server device. The simulation includes (Jyoti & Chauhan, 2022) based on catastrophic algorithms. Data about computing capacity for resources and calculations are extracted from randomly generated data in MATLAB.…”

Provenance blockchain for ensuring IT security in cloud manufacturing

“…The actual infrastructure design has been presented referring to the papers by Sun et al (2022), Popovic et al (2022), and Jyoti and Chauhan (2022). The block records will be transmitted over encrypted links in the form of block files (preferably in JavaScript Object Notation format), which can be parsed by parsers written in Core Java and then encrypted before storing as read only records.…”

“…The interaction topology and algorithm was presented referring to the designs by Jyoti and Chauhan (2022) in their secure provenance-based smart contracting architecture, and by Malik et al (2022) in their PrivChain architecture. A simplified representation of the secure provenance-based smart contracting architecture is presented in Figure 3 and PrivChain architecture is presented in Figure 4.…”